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Index 273

IBM: innovation (cont.)
computers developed by, 52–53, 55–56, radical, 61
147, 191, 220–221, 223 reception of, 150, 151, 152, 154, 156–157,
success of, 28, 29, 42, 43–44, 117, 123, 158, 162
124, 125, 153, 220, 223–224, 257 responsibility for, 157–158, 162–163,
IBM PC, 221, 223 167–168
IBM Peanut, 53 social, 31, 33–34, 99–104,
ICL, 123 187, 257–260
Inc., 7–8 sources of, 30–129, 131, 149–150,
income distribution, 97, 104 218–219
income tax, 260, 261 systematic, 30–36, 50–52, 134–135
incongruities, 35, 57–68, 69, 129, 255 as work, 138, 150
assumptions vs. reality as, 57, 62–64 installment buying, 30, 31, 248
customer values as, 57–58, 64–68 integrated steelmaking process, 39, 58–60
economic realities as, 57, 58–62, 66, Intel, 118, 119, 206n
135, 235 “intelligent investor,” 9, 64–66, 81, 83
in logic of process, 58, 66–68 International Management Congress (1923),
India, hardware exports to, 46–47 110
“industrially developed” countries, 122 invention:
industry and market structures, 35, 76–87, “invention” of, 34
122–124 as research, 12–13, 34, 71, 72, 159
analysis of, 83–87, 162 see also individual inventions
of automobile industry, 77–81, 83, investment, strategies for, 9, 64–66, 81,
124–125 83, 110
changes in, 76, 77, 78, 85, 86 irrigation pumps, 192
opportunities for innovation in, 76, ITI’, 67
81–82 Iwasa, Tamon (1933– ),
infant mortality rate, 89, 91–92 73
inflation, 47
innovation:
analysis of, 41, 45, 49, 150, 158–161,
166, 218
as based on “bright ideas,” 130–132, Jackson, Jesse (1941– ),
137, 215 101–102
complicated vs. simple, 86–87, Jacquard, Joseph Marie (1752–1834),
135–136 108
as conceptual and perceptual, 135 James, William (1842–1910),
conditions for, 138–139 110
as conservative activity, 139–140 Japan:
creative imitation vs., 223–224 automobile industry in, 72–73, 78,
definition of, 33 79, 87
demography and, 35, 49, 52, 69, 70–71, demography of, 7, 71, 89
88–98 economy of, 1–2, 6, 11, 12, 48, 122, 185,
diversification vs., 175 261–262, 263
do’s and dont’s of, 134–138 education in, 74, 104, 128
in education, 16, 27, 89, 110, 128, 172–173, “entrepreneurial judo” practiced in, 225–226,
178, 183, 201–202 227, 230
as effect of economy and society, technology developed in, 33, 44, 123
138–139 Jefferson, Thomas (1743–1826),
by extension vs. optimization, 28–29, 149, 253, 254
180, 229, 231 job creation, 1–7, 11, 256, 258
financial compensation for, 164–166, 173 jogging equipment, 100
as “flashes of genius,” 133-134 Johnson, Lyndon B. (1908–1973),
in health care, 31, 40–42, 60–62, 85, 101, 145, 152
99–100, 107–108, 156–157, 181–182, Johnson, Samuel (1709–1784),
184, 190–191, 204 152
“heroic,” 63 Johnson & Johnson, 147, 163, 165, 170,
industry leadership as aim of, 85, 86–87, 171, 212, 223
136, 161 Kami, Michael J. (1922– ),
opportunities for, 41-46, 49, 50, 55, 57, 153
58, 61, 62, 68, 69, 75, 76, 81–82, Kana scripts, 128
134–135, 138, 139–140, 156, 186, Kanter, Rosabeth M., 169n, 267–268
196, 238, 239, 254 Kennedy, John F. (1917–1963),
perception of, 35, 99–106 91, 94, 101, 145
principles of, 133–140 Kettering, Charles (1876–1959),
in public service institutions, 177, 183, 108
185–187 Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946),
purposeful, 29, 30–36, 134–135, 251 26, 27