Page 459 - The Encyclopedia of Taoism v1_A-L

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TAOISM A-L

the Zhou; trans. Biot 1861, I: 420), kindling is burned to honor the deities of
wind and rain. Again, the Shiji (Records of the Historian;j. 28, trans. Watson
1968,2: 29) tells us that in the time of Qin Shi huangdi (r. 221-210 BCE) there
were temples dedicated to both Fengbo and Yushi in Yong ~ (Fengxiang ~
ffj, Shaanxi), and that festivals were held there every year. It is evident from
this account that from very early times Fengbo, together with Yushi, was an
object of state ritual.
In ancient times, Fengbo was depicted as a grotesque deity with the body
of a deer, the head of a bird, horns, the tail of a snake, and the patterning of
a leopard. By the Ming period, however, images were made depicting him in
the form of an old man with a white beard, carrying a fan in his right hand;
by then he was known as Celestial Lord Fang, Count of the Wind (Fengbo
Fang tianjun IIftt fs if 7.::. n) and venerated as one of a pair with Celestial Lord
Chen, Master of Rain (Yushi Chen tianjun IH g"i P* A t.j.). A seventeenth-cen-
tury Japanese screen by Tawaraya Sotatsu 1~ffi 7% Ji features the wind and
rain deities; here the wind deity is depicted humorously with windswept hair,
carrying a bag full of wind in both hands and running with long strides.

YOSHlKAWA Tadao
ID Maspero 1981, 98-99

* TAOISM AND CHINESE MYTHOLOGY

Fengdao kejie

Codes and Precepts for Worshipping the Dao

The Fengdao kejie-also known as Fengdao ke-is the first manual of monastic
rules in medieval Taoism. It survives today in an edition contained in the
Taoist Canon (CT II2S) and is also found-in a form that is about sixty percent
complete-in four *Dunhuang manuscripts (S. 3863, P. 2337, P. 3682, S. 809),
the first two of which match the text in the Canon.
The Canon edition consists of six juan and contains eighteen sections that
cover two major areas: the conceptual framework and concrete conditions of
Taoist monastic practice (j. 1-3, sec. 1-10), in sections such as "Retribution of
Faults" C'Zuiyuan" ml~), "Setting up Abbeys" C'Zhiguan" fin), "Making
Sacred Images" C'Zaoxiang" Jf! 1~O, "Copying Scriptures" C'Xiejing" ~ ~JE),
"Liturgical Implements" C'Faju" itJ'i,), and "Liturgical Vestments" C'Fafu"
it ~~); and the organization of the ritual order (j. 4-6, sec. II-18) under head-