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Language Summary 4
ttntM=rn!Ja» ------- - ---------------------------------
a Phrasal verbs (1) 4A D p32
fS • .
pass sth on (to sb) or pass on sth (to sb) tell somebody
i:J a piece of information that another person has told you:
Could you pass this message on to your classmates?
make sth up or make up sth invent an excuse, explanation,
a story, etc.: I was late for work so I made up an excuse.
turn out happen in a particular way or have a particular result,
which is often unexpected: I wasn't looking forward to the
evening, but it turned out to be a lot of fun.
run sb/sth over or run over sb/sth hit somebody or
something while you are driving and knock them to the ground:
I accidentally ran over a cat last night.
go off when a bomb goes off, it explodes: The bomb went off
at exactly 6.37 p.m.
run away leave a place quickly because you are frightened or
don't want to get caught: The thief took my bag and ran away.
work sth out or work out sth understand or find the answer
to something by thinking about it: It took me ages to work out
the answer to question three.
get away with sth avoid punishment for something:
He travelled on a false passport and got away with it!
knock sb out or knock out sb hit somebody hard so that they
become unconscious: The mugger hit the man so hard that he
knocked him out.
come ro·und become conscious again after being knocked out:
When he came round, he couldn't remember anything.
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TIPS
• Turn out is often followed by the infinitive with to or '(that) +
clause': The trip turned out to be rather exciting. It turns out
(that) we went to the same school.
• Work out is often followed by a question word: I couldn't work
out what was happening.
m Books and reading 48 D p34
a novelist a person who writes novels
1
a literary genre / htdrdri 3onrd/ literature which has the
same style or subject, e.g. horror, romance, etc.
•
chick lit a genre of fiction Vl(.hich focuses on young women
and their emotional lives (chick flick = a film in that genre)
a plot the story of a book, film, play, etc.
blurb a brief description of the book's contents found on the
back cover
browse / brauz/ walk around a shop looking at things, but
without planning to buy anything
a paperback a book that has a cover made of thin card
(opposite: hardback)
e-book an electronic book that you download onto an iPad,
Kindle, etc.
flick thro·ugh look quickly at the pages of a book, magazine,
newspaper, etc.
contents page the list of items in a book or magazine showing
the page number they begin on
DVD-ROM 4
m Connecting words: reason and
contrast 4C EJ p37
giving because because of since due to as
re.?sons
expressing however apart from instead of despite
contrast even though whereas nevertheless
• Because, however, whereas, as, since, even though and
nevertheless are followed by a clause (subject+ verb+ ... ):
.. . because we often play practical jokes on each other.
• Apart from, instead of, despite, due to and because of are
followed by a noun or verb+ing: ... apart from one thing.
... instead of coming out of the left.
• After due to and because of it is more common to use a
noun than verb+ing: ... due to a technical breakthrough.
TIPS
• We can also use these phrases for expressing contrast: except
for(= apart from), in spite of(= despite), although (= even though).
• We use however and nevertheless to contrast two sentences.
We usually put these at the beginning of the second sentence.
• We use the other words/ phrases in the table to contrast two
clauses in the same sentence. We can put these words/phrases
at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence: Even though I
was tired, I enjoyed myself. = I enjoyed myself, even though
I was tired.
D
Ways of exaggerating 40 D p38
1 I'm dying for a drink. I'm very thirsty.
2 I'm spe·echless. I'm very shocked, surprised or angry.
3 I'm over the mo·on. I'm very happy.
4 I'm scared stiff. I'm very frightened.
5 I'm starving. I'm very hungry.
6 I'm going o·ut of my mind. I'm very worried.
7 It costs a fortune. It's very expensive.
•
a It's a nightmare. It's a very difficult situation .
•
9 It's killing me. It's very painful.
•
•
10 It drives me crazy. It makes me very angry.
11 It takes forever. It takes a very long time.
12 It weighs a ton. It's very heavy.
I'm dying for a
coffee. Let's go
to that cafe.
Yeah, and my feet
are killing me!