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m Second conditional; alternatives for if & Third conditional 38 El p26

3A II p25 • We use the third conditional to talk about imaginary situations
in the past. They are often the opposite of what really
SECOND CONDITIONAL
happened: If she'd shot the men, she'd have been in trouble.
• We use the second conditional to talk about imaginary
(= She didn't shoot, so she didn't get in trouble.)
situations in the present or the future: I'd go over the speed
limit if there weren't any speed cameras around. (= There are POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
cameras, so I don't go over the speed limit.) • We make the third conditional with:
• We make the second conditional with: if+ subject + Past Perfect Simple, subject + 'd (= would)!
if+ subject + Past Simple, subject + 'd (= would)/wouldn't + wouldn't+ have + past participle.
infinitive. If I'd seen him, I'd have said hello.
If we hadn't got lost, we wouldn't have been late.
if clause main clause
QUESTIONS
If no one else saw the boy, I'd just tell him to return the things
• We make questions in the third conditional with:
he'd stolen.
(question word)+ would+ subject+ have+ past participle .. .
If he didn't stay up so late, he wouldn't feel tired all the time.
+ if+ subject + Past Perfect Simple.
• We can use might or could in the main clause instead of What would the owner of the car have done if he'd seen him?
would. Might means 'would perhaps': If I really needed it,
ALTERNATIVES FOR WOULD
I might keep it. Could means 'would be possible': If the
• We can use might or could in the main clause instead of would.
bank found out, I could say I didn't count the money.
Might means 'would perhaps': If it had been me, I might have
TIPS left a note on the car. Could means 'would be possible': If the
• The if clause can be first or second in the sentence. men hadn't run away, she could have killed them.
• Even if = it doesn't matter whether the situation in the
TIP
if clause exists or not: No, I wouldn't, even if he/she got
• We can also use imagine and suppose instead of if in third
angry with me.
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conditional questions: Imagine/Suppose he'd seen you ... ?
• In second conditionals we can say If I/he/she/it was ... or
If I/he/she/it were .. . : If I was/were rich, I'd buy a Ferrari. i;J#UlfilM;JI•> ----------------
ALTERNATIVES FOR IF
• We often use provided, as long as, assuming, imagine and m Making, refusing and accepting
suppose instead of if in conditionals.
offers 30 1J p30
• Provided and as long as mean 'only if (this happens)':
MAKING OFFERS
Provided there weren't any police cars around, of course • • •
I would. I'd tell a security guard as long as he/she agreed Would you like me to (come round)?
• • • •
'
not to call the police. I II (get those for you), if you like.
•
• •
•
Let me (sort that out for you).
• Assuming means 'accepting that something is true':
Would it help if i (dTd that for you)?
Assuming no one else saw the boy, I'd just tell him to return • • • •
Why don't I (do that for you)?
the things he'd stolen.
What if I (picked up the keys on Thursday)?
• Imagine and suppose have the same meaning (=form a REFUSING OFFERS
picture in your mind about what something could be like).
No, it's OK, but thanks for offering.
• •
•
•
•
• We can use imagine and suppose as an alternative for if in No, thanks. I'd better (get them myself).
• •
•
•
questions: Imagine/Suppose you were driving and you were No, that's OK. I can manage.
late for an appointment, would you exceed the speed limit? No, don't worry. It'd be e·asier if (I brought them to you).
TIPS ACCEPTING OFFERS
•
• •
•
• We can also use provided, as long as, assuming, imagine Thanks. That'd be a great help.
•
•
•
and suppose in other types of conditional to talk about real Are you sure you wouldn't mind?
situations: We'// see you tonight, provided Alex doesn't have to Well, it'd be if you co·uld.
work late. We'll hire a car, as long as it's not too expensive. Let's As long as you don't mind.
go to that nice Japanese restaurant, assuming it's still open. • Let me ... , Why don't I .. . and I'd better ... are followed by
• We can say provided or providing and suppose or supposing. the infinitive.
• We can also use unless in conditionals to mean if not: • Would it help if I ... , What if I ... and It'd be easier if I ... are
I wouldn't hit somebody unless I had to. (=if I didn't have to). usually followed by the Past Simple.
• Thanks for .. . is often followed by verb+ing.