Page 110 - PARPAR-4
P. 110

#21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 7 - B | 22-01-02 | 12:34:17 | SR:-- | Black
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 7 - B | 22-01-02 | 12:34:17 | SR:-- | Yellow
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 7 - B | 22-01-02 | 12:34:17 | SR:-- | Magenta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          #



                 Pseudochazara telephassa (Hübner, 1806) Telephassa Grayling                                                          Hipparchia mersina  Staudinger, 1871                                  Mersin Grayling                               21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 7 - B | 22-01-02 | 12:34:17 | SR:-- | Cyan



                    This uncommon species is known to migrate within its   In Israel, the species appears to have been retreating    One of the first  Hipparchia  spp. to fly in spring. Local,
                    range and beyond to the Irano-Turanian steppe, semi-  northwards to the Galilee and Mt Hermon and eastwards      found in grassy open woodland, at woodland edges and
                    desert vegetational belt i.e. the Samarian Desert of the   to the Samarian Desert since the early 1990s and ranked   in wooded shady areas from 500-1500m. Adults usually
                    eastern slopes of Israel’s central plateaux and Judean   vulnerable (VU) in the Israeli Red list of Butterflies (Renan   rest on the ground with closed wings, and in so doing are
                    hills. However, east of the Jordan River it is “…the least   et al., 2022 (in prep.)).                           well camouflaged. Both males and females are attracted
                    rare of the large satyrids in Jordan” (Larsen & Nakamura,                                                        to animal droppings and have also been observed
                    1983). Hilltopping male and a female were collected by                                                           puddling. Males are sometimes territorial. Females
                    DB in 15 June 1974 on top of the Anti-Lebanon range   %LRORJ\                                                    are larger than the males (Olivier & de Prins, 1989;
                    at 2800 m suggesting early mating before the summer                                                              Hesselbarth  et al., 1995(2): 907). It enters northern                          DGXOW  1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9   10  11  12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                       3
                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                11
                                                                                                                                                                                                1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          9
                                                                                                                                                                                                             5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          91
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              01
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0
                                                                                                                                                                                                              HJJ
                    aestivation. Adults congregating “during the hottest part   )OLJKW  SHULRG  April to October, from 200 to 2814 m;   Levant in S Adana and Hatay districts (Benyamini &                 lar v a
                                                                                                                                                                                                 pupa
                    of the day” and in areas supporting hostplant growth,   “in Arad, Israel (NE Negev, steppe, 600 m asl) I saw the   Tomer, 2002).
                    i.e. near shady cliffs and cave entrances. Mud-puddling   satyrids soon after Easter (6 April 1991), during May –
                    was reported on 24 July 2016  and 1 July 2017 from   June by the thousands near caves, more than any other
                    Mt Hermon 1600 m where “one or two” (males?) were   butterfly and in July completely disappeared” (Aharoni,      %LRORJ\
                    observed and photographed on banks of a large water   1991). They reappeared after aestivation on 18 October
                    pool for the production of artificial snow (Oz Ben-Yehuda,   (Moran Avni, 1992a) and “huge numbers were flying   )OLJKW  SHULRG  mid-April to mid-July, depending on
                    Galit Moshe, Yaron Mish’an & Moshe Laudon, 2016 &   during all October” (Benyamini & Aharoni, 1992), “We         altitude, and again after summer aestivation from early
                    Moshe, 2017 respectively. Mr Trevor Trought the director   observed very many specimens in Arad, mostly complete   September to mid-October; July to November from 100-
                    of the Deir Alla agricultural research station in the Jordan   individuals that did not arrive by migration” (Fischer &   2000 m (Atahan  et al., 2018: 78). We observed fresh
                    Valley, Jordan in the early 1950’s observed a specimen   Aharoni, 1992); May – August 300-1900 m in Hatay        specimens in Ylanlikale (the Snake Castle) 40 km E
                    that came to light in the night of 28 September 1954   (Atahan  et al., 2018: 84); May-June sl-1200+ m in        Adana on 29 May 2002 and a day later on 30 May .2002
                    at wadi Zerqa (Trought field notes and MS draft now in   Lebanon (Larsen, 1974: 135).  End of June to mid-August,   DW =L\DUHW 'DøL RYHU %HOHQ  +DWD\
                    the NHMUK). During breeding experiments in Beit Arye   1000-1500 m N Syria (ten Hagen, 1998); June to October,
                    on 19 August 2016 DB observed adults activity in 19:30   500-1000 m Jordan (Larsen & Nakamura, 1983).            /LIH KLVWRU\  univoltine. Eggs are laid in early September,
                    ca 10 minutes after sunset (DB breeding notes). Larsen                                                           following summer aestivation. Little is known of the early
                    & Nakamura (1983) noted that such a rare (twilight -   /LIH  KLVWRU\  univoltine. Breeding  telephassa as part of   stages, but may overwinter as a newly hatched larva,
                    night) activity in Rhopalocera is also known in the large   BD’s efforts of breeding all Levant’s Nymphalids of Vol   resume feeding with availability of fresh grass following
                    old tropics Evening Brown crepuscular Melanitis leda.   III was practically impossible because it became rare    first autumn rains.
                    Telephassa Grayling flies in open areas, and recorded   everywhere and even in Mt Hermon the stable population
                    in verity of biotopes; from high alpine meadows to   was less than 1% of  P.  pelopea. However, on 8 August      Early stages are possibly similar to those of its sister
                    forest opening and steppe wadies. Aestivating females   2014 one female that was found there in 1600 m was       species Hipparchia cypriensis
                    penetrate into crevasses and caves sometimes six-eight   caged with dry grasses, mud and Mt Hermon Centaurea
                    metres deep to the farthest illuminated areas, where it   iberica &  Cephalaria stellipilis local nectar sources,
                    is cooler (sometimes wetter) and better protected from   it lived until 28 August but did not lay eggs. Following   5HFRUGHG  KRVWSODQWV  certainly Poaceae (Gramineae)
                    predators – possibly too cold for reptiles. This unique &   Abusarhan et al. (2016) record from the West Bank DB   spp.
                    safe refuge for P. telephassa seems to be very efficient   started to look for telephassa in their eastern refuge at
                    because it serves the aestivating adults successfully   the Samarian Desert and in the next four years collected:
                    from April at least until August seemingly without paying   one female in Ma’ale Michmash 585 m on 15 August     'LVWULEXWLRQ
                    any tolls to several species of lizards that are active   2016; three females and one male in Rimonim 650 m on
                    and prowling around cave’s warm and sun-lighted   31 August 2017; one female in Kohav HaShahar 480 m             TL: Mersin, Turkey.  H.  mersina has a restricted                                           © Ali Atahan
                    entrance and where the satyride does not stop while   on 18 September 2017; three females and two males in       distribution from Lesbos and Samos Islands in Greece
                    flying straight deep into caves’ back walls and also on   Rimonim 640-660 m on 12 August 2018 and two females    DFURVV 6 7XUNH\ WR 0DUDû   *D]LDQWHS  ,Q 1 /HYDQW ² 6
                    their way out. Such activity was observed by DB & OT   in Kohav Hashahar 480-495 m on 29 August 2018;            Adana, S Gaziantep,  Kilis ?, NW Syria? & Hatay where it
                    in Rehavam’s Caves near Kohav-HaShahar on 11 August   finally in Rehavam’s Caves near Kohav HaShahar four        expands to its southern distributional limit.
                    2019, 620 m, Samarian Desert, Israel (Benyamini &   females were collected out of ten females and one male
                    Tomer, 2019b; Laudon pers. comm. to DB and illustr.).   observed on 11 August 2019. In all these six experiments
                    The male is noticeably smaller than the female and has   the cages included dry local grasses for egg laying, mud
                    a conspicuous sex brand on the forewing unlike diffused   (for puddling) and Dianthus strictus local nectar source,
                    one in P. pelopea. Both genders aestivate in approx. ratio   mineral water was sprayed daily and female’s activity was
                    of one male to five-ten females (10-20%), and possibly   observed in late afternoon until 19:30.  Avichai Benyamini
                    delay some matings until autumn. Females oviposit on   (not a relative of DB) failed to get eggs from two females
                    dry grasses and disappear before or during the first days   collected in Mishor Adumim 330 m on 12 April 2019 and
                    of the first rains.                               two females collected in Efrat 840 m on June 2019.

                    5HFRUGHG   QHFWDU   VRXUFHV   Asteraceae:  Carlina   6XPPDU\  In these eight breeding experiments between
                    curetum?,  Carthamus tenuis,  Centaurea iberica,  C.   2016 to 2019 in April (1), June (1), August (5) and
                    crocodylium, Echinops adenocaulos, Notobasis syriaca,   September (1) eighteen caged females and three males
                    Onopordum   ambiguum;   Boraginaceae:  Anchusa    lived from a few days up to two months but not a single
                    strigosa, A. undulata; Caryophyllaceae: Dianthus strictus   egg was laid; the abdomens of all females were small,
                    (Lab.); Dipsacaceae:  Cephalaria stellipilis,  Scabiosa   thin and empty with one exception of a worn, gravid
                    atropurpurea [C]; Lamiaceae:  Coridothymus capitatus   female collected on 31 August 2017 near Rimonim 646 m
                    (most of the records); Verbenaceae: Lantana camara [C].   at 31°56’16’’N; 35°20’07’’E but died before laying her
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 © Ali Atahan

              110                                                                                                                                                                                                                         99




           2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd   110                                            12/30/2021   4:25:18 PM  2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd   99                                    12/30/2021   4:24:49 PM
   105   106   107   108   109   110   111   112   113   114   115