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Satyrus ferula (Fabricius, 1793) Great Sooty Satyr Pseudochazara lidya (Staudinger, 1878) Lydian Tawny Rockbrown

Mountain species that flies very actively in sparsely This little known local species is endemic to Turkey.
wooded, grassy slopes or rocky areas. Males patrol the Recorded in N Levant in Kilis and Adana provinces, S
biotope in search of females. The females are mostly Turkey (Atahan pers. comm. to DB). Flies in open Pinus
sedentary and spend long time resting in the shade of nigra and Quercus spp. woodland with sparse grasses
#
vegetation, tending to fly for short distance. Mating takes and dry rocky areas. Adult’s emergence coincide with
place in the afternoon, soon after eclosing and only the blooming of Onopordum spp. its preferred nectar
seldom afterwards. Adults take nectar from Centaurea, source. In the morning adults sit with open wings on
Onopordum and Thymus spp. (Lafranchis et al., 2015: bare ground or rock to warm up. Copulation takes place
704-705, Hesselbarth et al., 1995(2): 890). in the afternoon (Hesselbarth et al., 1995(2): 946).
21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 8 - B | 22-01-02 | 12:34:18 | SR:-- | Magenta
21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 8 - B | 22-01-02 | 12:34:18 | SR:-- | Yellow
#21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 8 - B | 22-01-02 | 12:34:18 | SR:-- | Black
21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 8 - B | 22-01-02 | 12:34:18 | SR:-- | Cyan
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)OLJKW SHULRG June-July from 800 m to 2000 m in Hatay lar v a )OLJKW SHULRG June to August, from 850 m to 2200 m
pupa
S Turkey (Atahan et al., 2018: 89). DB observed it on (Hesselbarth et al., 1995(2): 946)
WKH XSSHU VORSHV RI 1XU 'DøODUL 0W & $PDQRV UDQJH DW
P RQ -XO\ KLOOWRSSLQJ" DQG LQ .L]LOGDø 6 /LIH KLVWRU\ univoltine. The egg is white with 20 vertical
Amanos range at 1550 m on 8 June 2013 and 26 June ribs. The 1.2 mm – long larva hatches after 11-12 days
2014 in open black pine forest. and doesn’t eat the eggshell. It is light brown, with dark
mid-dorsal brown stripe and a wide, dark brown side
/LIH KLVWRU\ univoltine. Females prefer small LHP for egg stripe with black spots below. Overwinters as a young
laying. Eggs are laid singly on the hostplants leaves. The larva. The fully grown larva has a wide black unbroken
egg is 1.4-1.5 mm high and 1.1 mm wide, barrel-shaped mid-dorsal strip that is segmented in front part. The
with 12-14 vertical ribs. Hatching time may differ from a lateral line consists of a wide, somewhat curled band,
month in rainy areas to 7 months in dry areas. The larvae made of alternating dark and lighter, almost rectangular
gnaw gradually through the eggshell that is thicker (20 spots. The head is brown with dark “V” shape lines.
microns) compared to other satyrids (6-11 microns). Pupation is underground, pupa is reddish-brown. Adults
Young larvae (L1/L2) start diapause in late summer to eclose after 3-4 weeks (Hesselbarth et al., 1995(2):
early winter. In lower altitude the larvae are slow growing 945-946).
and feed in sunny days. From L3 the larvae feed at
night. L4-L5 larvae can wander a few meters in search 5HFRUGHG KRVWSODQWV: Poaceae (Gramineae) spp.
of fresh hostplants. The mature larva has a pale cream
ground colour with dark stripes across the head capsule P. l. obscura
that extend backwards along the whole body. Pupation Turkey, Hatay, S Amanus Mts, 1550 m. 'LVWULEXWLRQ
usually takes place in a subterranean chamber built by
the fully grown L5. The pupa is glossy brown, formed 7/ ´'RUI %R]GDø LP %R] 'DøODULLµ 3URYLQFH ù]PLU :
bottom up in early spring. The adult ecloses after 24- Turkey). This species is known only from W & S Turkey.
30 days. (Hesselbarth et al., 1995(2): 890; Lafranchis et One ssp. is recorded from the Levant: P. l. obscura
al., 2015: 704-705; SBN, 1987: 247). (Staudinger, 1878), TL: “Kilikisher Taurus nördlich von
Tarsus”.
5HFRUGHG KRVWSODQWV LQ (XURSH Poaceae (Gramineae) – © Dubi Benyamini
Deschampsia caespitosa, Festuca & Stipa spp. (Tuzov et
al., 1997(1): 244-245).
'LVWULEXWLRQ
TL: “Italien, [Westalpen, Valdieri]”. Distribution ranges
from the Pyrenees to S Europe, Turkey, SW Russia and
E Ukraine eastwards to Kazakhstan, C Asia, Transbaikal
and W China. The nominotypical ssp. flies in N Levant;
in S Turkey and N Syria. S. f. ssp. hadjina Heyne, 1895,
TL: “Hadjin (Kleinasien), Mesopotamien” was described
from Adana, S Turkey but Hesselbarth et al., (1995) and
Sbordoni et al., (2018) treated it as a synonym of the 7XUNH\ $QWDNLD 1XU 'DøODUL 0WV P
nominotypical ssp.

© Ali Atahan © Leah Benyamini
© Leah Benyamini
122 119

2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 122 12/30/2021 4:25:57 PM 2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 119 12/30/2021 4:25:47 PM