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Pseudochazara mamurra (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846) Brown’s Grayling                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 8 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:18 | SR:-- | Cyan   #21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21
                                                                               L1  Larva    L2 Larva and L1 moult.

 A species of mountains, resembling P.  pelopea, and
 overlooked until described from the Levant by the Turkish
 researcher Ahmet Koçak (Koçak, 1978). Differs from P.
 pelopea in the following characters:  Ļ  P. m. birgit
 ‡  ,Q  P. mamurra  the hindwing margin is less serrated
 than in P. pelopea.
 ‡ 7KH ZLQJ IULQJHV DUH ZKLWH LQ P. mamurra and brown-  P.  m. larseni                            © Leah Benyamini
 grey in P. pelopea.  Ļ
 ‡  $QGURFRQLDO  VFDOHV  LQ  P. mamurra are scattered                                                                                                                                                                                                            8
                        Ļ
 and the androconial patch is not well defined as in  P.   0HGLQDK
 pelopea.  Under magnification, the androconial scales of                          DGXOW  © Leah Benyamini  © Dubi Benyamini  © Dubi Benyamini
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 P. mamurra are 25% longer and three times wider than                         HJJ  1 1 1 1  1    2    3    4    5     6    7    8    9   10  1 1  1  12   Fully grown L2 Larva   Overwintrring L5,
                       lar v a
 in P. pelopea.                         DGXOW  1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9   10  11  12           pupa  before moulting to L3  on Cyperus alternifolius 3 Feb. 2020
 8
 9
                       HJJ
 ‡ P. mamurra flies mostly at elevations above 1750m.                lar v a
          pupa

 P.  m.  larseni is rated (CR) critically endangered in the
 Israeli Red List of butterflies (Renan et al., 2022 (in
 prep.)).
           Israel, Beit-Arye, 300 m 26.8.1987  Israel, Fatsa’el, Lower Jordan Valley
 %LRORJ\                               -250 m (bsl) 16.10.1987
 )OLJKW SHULRG  July to September
 /LIH  KLVWRU\  univoltine. Early stages as reported from   3
 Turkey: eggs are laid on the hostplant, are 0.9 mm in            © Dubi Benyamini                © Dubi Benyamini
 height, white, barrel-shaped with conical top and have 20
 vertical ribs. The larva hatches after about 10 days and   Jordan, Gawr as-Safi,     L5 after 3-4 overwintering months   2 2
                                                                   6 Apr. 2020
 has long white hairs, wide brown stripes on the sides and   -360 m (bsl) 18.4.1998
 a narrow reddish-brown dorsal stripe. The head is brown
 and the 'tails', white. The larva enters diapause until the
 spring thaw induces new growth of the hostplants. The
 mature larva is brown with darker brown spots on the
 sides; the sides of the body are light red-grey. The larvae   © Dubi Benyamini
 are nocturnal feeders, pupating below ground without the   P. m. larseni Koçak, 1978
 use of silk. The pupa is 17 mm long. Adults eclose after a
 month (Hesselbarth et al., 1995(2): 951).
 5HFRUGHG KRVWSODQWV  Poaceae (Gramineae) - Poa annua.
 © Dubi Benyamini
 'LVWULEXWLRQ
 P.  m. larseni
 TL: Mt. Ararat (Turkey). The species’ distribution ranges
 from Greece to Caucasia, Armenia, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon,   © Dubi Benyamini  © Dubi Benyamini   © Dubi Benyamini
 Israel (Hermon), (absent from Cyprus, Jordan and Sinai),
 Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan.              Ex aestivating L5,      1
                                                 18 July - 20 Oct. 2014
 The Levant subspecies are:
 Pseudochazara mamurra larseni  Koçak, 1978; TL:
 "LIBANON, Antilibanon, Arsal" – Arsal, Lebanon. Syria,
 Lebanon and Israel (Hermon).
 Pseudochazara mamurra brigit Gross, 1978. T.L. “Ziyaret
 Geçidi, westlich Gürün, Province Sivas” - Antalya to the
 northern fringes of the Levant in Mercin, Adana, Osmaniye
 DQG *D]LDQWHS WR (OD]Lø
 © Stav Talal         © Dubi Benyamini  © Dubi Benyamini           © Dubi Benyamini  © Dubi Benyamini  © Dubi Benyamini
 116                                                                                                          125
 2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd   116  12/30/2021   4:25:35 PM  2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd   125  12/30/2021   4:26:06 PM
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