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Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus, 1758) Silver-washed Fritillary Brenthis daphne ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) arbled Fritillary

A common species in the Amanos Mt, Hatay, N Levant, A rare species in the Levant (Atahan et al., 2018: 60),
where it prefers open woodland biotopes. Resembles A. medium-sized fritillary having a distinctive purplish
pandora, but with slightly smaller wingspan, much reduced sheen on the postdiscal and submarginal areas of the
greenish hue and absence of red on the forewing underside. hindwing underside. Associated with flowery clearings
#
Male upper side is a rich orange-brown with pronounced or margins in damp woodland hosting bramble (Rubus
sex-brands on V1-4. Female upper side is a less vibrant spp.). The somewhat similar although smaller B. ino is
orange and with more extensive black markings. Hindwing not found in the Levant region of Turkey, but is known
undersides of both sexes have characteristic silver lines with from the northeast of that country. Adults tend to be local
6
diffuse edging. “Adults of both sexes spend long periods on and usually found in the vicinity of the larval hostplant. DGXOW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
HJJ
21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 9 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:18 | SR:-- | Magenta
21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 9 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:18 | SR:-- | Yellow
treetops drinking aphid honeydew” (Thomas & Lewington, lar v a
#21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 9 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:18 | SR:-- | Black
pupa
21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 9 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:18 | SR:-- | Cyan
2014: 216). Adult roosts overnight at trees’ canopy. Males %LRORJ\
are territorial along glades, forest trails and hedgerows where
they patrol in search of females. Courtship starts when male )OLJKW SHULRG June to July or later, depending on location
approaches the female, if the female is receptive she will and altitude; 1600-1900 m in Hatay (Atahan et al., 2018:
signal with a scent from the tip of her abdomen and the 60).
FRXSOH ZLOO WDNH RII WR D PDLGHQ ÁLJKW ZLWK ´EHDXWLIXO ORRSLQJ
PDOH FRXUWVKLS ÁLJKWµ $IWHU ODQGLQJ WKH PDOH IDFLQJ WKH /LIH KLVWRU\ HOVHZKHUH univoltine in Europe. Female
female vibrates its wings, bow and huge to make contact lays 120-160 eggs that are laid singly on both sides
of its FW androconia patches with the females’ antennae. © Dubi Benyamini of leaves or sepals of the hostplant. The eggs are pale
In cop. mating pair usually settle in a tree, male carries the yellow when laid, turn pink, and grey before hatching.
female, it usually takes place in mid-day. Adults live a few Dry leaves bearing egg fall to the ground where L1
weeks (Thomas & Lewington, 2014: 216-220; Lafranchis et emerges. Larvae overwinter until next spring as a fully
al., 2015: 512-513). developed larvae inside the eggs, or emerge after two
weeks, and hibernate as young larva, depend on local
climate. After hatching L1 eats the eggshell as its first
%LRORJ\ meal. The mature L5 larva is light brown with orange
branched spines, wide white longitudinal side-bands
)OLJKW SHULRG June to September or early October in one and a white dorsal stripe. The pale buff-coloured pupa
prolonged brood, at 300-1900 m (Atahan et al., 2018: 50). is decorated with metallic gold spines and is suspended
from the cremaster, attached to a leaf or branch of the
/LIH KLVWRU\ HOVHZKHUH univoltine. Females walk on the hostplant. Adults eclosed after 10-26 days. (Lafranchis
ground in search for LHP, eggs are laid singly, or a few together et al., 2015: 534-535; Warecki, 2010: 92).
on the ground, on Viola leaves, rocks, crevices in tree trunks
up to six metres above ground. The cone-like egg is 1 mm in 5HFRUGHG KRVWSODQWV Rosaceae - Rubus caesius, R.
height, whitish-green with an average of 25 longitudinal ribs, canescens and R. idaeus (Atahan et al., 2018: 60).
tapering upwards to the micropyle, its top turns black before © Adam Warecki
eclosion. L1 emerges after 2-4 weeks, is 2.2 mm long, light-
brown and covered in hairs. After consuming the eggshell, © Eran Benyamini 'LVWULEXWLRQ
it spins a pad of silk and immediately starts over-wintering
diapause. Feeding recommences in spring, on young leaves TL: of Denis & Schiffermüller’s type (1775) is unknown;
of a nearby hostplant, it feeds at night and spend the day (Bergsträsser, 1780) stated: TL “[Hanau-Munzenberg,
hidden in leaf litter. Searching for a new LHP, it may travel Germany]”. Found sporadically in northern Europe, but © Adam Warecki © Adam Warecki
several meters from its day shelter. If the larva is disturbed principally a species of southern Europe, extending
while feeding it drops to the ground. The mature larva is 38 east to Iraq and Iran. Represented in the Levant only in
mm long, brown with two prominent yellow dorsal lines along Turkey, where the nominotypical ssp. flies.
the entire body that is covered with long spines. Mature larva
climbs 1-2 m up a tree for pupation. The light brown pupa
usually hangs from the tree trunk, branch or a leaf. Adult
ecloses after 2-5 weeks. (Thomas & Lewington, 2014: 216-
120; Lafranchis et al., 2015: 512-513).
© Dubi Benyamini
© Adam Warecki © Ali Atahan
5HFRUGHG KRVWSODQWV Violaceae – Viola spp. $EEHUDQW PDOH +DWD\ 'D]GDøL P & $PDQRV 0W

'LVWULEXWLRQ

TL: Sweden. A widespread species found throughout much
of Europe. One ssp. in N Levant: A. p. delila Röber, 1896.
TL: Gülek, Mersin, Turkey. Distributed in S Turkey, Syria?
and Lebanon (“very rarely”, Mérit & Mérit, 2008; Mérit pers.
comm.). Zarikian (2016) and Zarikian & Ghrejyan (2018) did
not list it for Syria which is possibly too dry for the species.
© Dubi Benyamini © Ali Atahan © Adam Warecki

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2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 140 12/30/2021 4:26:51 PM 2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 133 12/30/2021 4:26:28 PM