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Argynnis aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758) Dark green fritillary 9 Argynnis adippe (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) High Brown Fritillary

A rare species in the Levant, where it prefers mountain Closely resembles A. niobe in size and coloration, but
open forests, forest glades and flowery meadows above male sex-brands on v2 and v3 are more conspicuous ?
1600 m (Atahan et al., 2018: 58). In spite of being a and the hindwing underside postdiscal ocelli more
powerful flying nymphalid, it tends to be local and extensively encircled in brown. Penetrates N Levant
#
usually does not stray far from its “home” meadow. where it thrives in the Amanos Mts, (Atahan et al., 2018:
Males patrol the area regularly in search of females 55). Prefers open flowery areas along forest clearings
resting among the plants, where copulation take place. and edges, overnight adults roosting at foliage of trees
In late afternoon, when males settle to take nectar from and canopies. Males patrol their habitat regularly in
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flowers, the females become active and lay their eggs DGXOW 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 search of females, the species tend to be local and DGXOW 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
HJJ
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21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 9 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:18 | SR:-- | Magenta
21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 9 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:18 | SR:-- | Yellow
(Thomas & Lewington, 2014: 213-214; Lafranchis et al., lar v a though the adults are strong flyers, they usually don’t lar v a
#21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 9 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:18 | SR:-- | Black
pupa
21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 9 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:18 | SR:-- | Cyan
pupa
2015: 520-521). Similar in appearance to A. adippe, but stray far from their “home” area. Flight is swift and
male sex brand is less well defined and the hindwing strong with frequent pauses to nectar, especially from
underside of A. aglaja has a green suffusion with large thistles. “One of our rarest and most rapidly declining
silver spots. A. a. ottomana is noticeably larger than species” in England (Thomas & Lewington, 2014: 210;
European A. aglaja, with much individual variation Lafranchis et al., 2015: 524-525).
in female coloration, where dark and light forms exist
(Hesselbarth et al., 1995(2): 1077).
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)OLJKW SHULRG June to August, from 800 m to 1850 m in
)OLJKW SHULRG June to August, May and July above 1600 Hatay (Atahan et al., 2018: 55).
m in Hatay.
/LIH KLVWRU\ HOVHZKHUH univoltine. Eggs are laid near the
/LIH KLVWRU\ HOVHZKHUH univoltine. In Europe, up to 100 ground, on dried leaves, twigs or stones in the vicinity
eggs are laid singly on the ground, dry plants or LHP of the LHP, 0.8 mm in height with 14-20 vertical ribs.
leaves, sometime several eggs may be deposited on the Yellowish when laid, turning brown-grey as the larva
same area/LHP. Females prefer large patches of LHP develops. In Europe, the species hibernates as a fully
for egg laying. Eggs are yellowish when laid, 1 mm in formed larva within the egg, emerging in spring to feed
height, tapered upwards and have 18-22 vertical ribs. on the developing leaves of the hostplant. The newly
L1 emerges after two to three weeks, eats the eggshell hatched larva is 2 mm long, light brown, hairy and black
and immediately hides in leaf-litter, hibernating until head. Fully grown larvae is 38 mm long, polymorphic,
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following spring, when feeding recommences. It is A. a. ottomana (Röber, 1896)6) usually has shades of light brown with darker markings
2 mm long, light brown, hairy body and a black head. and a single white dorsal line runs the length of a spiny A. a. taurica (Staudinger, 1878)
Fully grown L5 measures 38 mm, is black with rows of body. The larval stage (after waking from hibernation)
black branched spines, orange-red markings along the lasts about two weeks. The suspended pupa is brown
sides and black head. Between feedings larva retreats with two rows of metallic spotting and formed within a
to a shelter made of loosely joined leaves in leaf-litter, or loose web of silk. The adult eclosed after 2-4 weeks.
under a stone where moulting takes place. When L5 is ©Dubi Benyamini (Thomas & Lewington, 2014: 210; Lafranchis et al., © Dubi Benyamini
disturbed it vibrates all its body and moves quickly to the 2015: 524-525).
leaf litter. The larval stages last 7-9 weeks. The pupa is
formed within a loosely structured cocoon formed of silk 5HFRUGHG KRVWSODQWV Violaceae –Viola spp.
and leaves, within which it hangs using a rear cremaster.
When disturbed, the pupa react with vigorous shaking
motion. The adult eclosed after 2-4 weeks. 'LVWULEXWLRQ
© Adam Warecki © Eddie John © Eddie John © Eddie John
3DUDVLWRLGV Larvae are attacked by parasitic flies TL: “Umgebung von Wien” (Vicinity of Vienna, Austria).
(Lafranchis et al., 2015: 520-521) The species’ distribution ranges across most of Europe
except Arctic regions; from north-western Africa, most
5HFRUGHG KRVWSODQWV Violaceae – Viola spp. of the Mediterranean islands to Greece, Turkey and Iran
(unrecorded from Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Cyprus
and Sinai). Reach its southern distribution limit in S
'LVWULEXWLRQ Hatay, S Turkey.
A single subspecies recorded in the Levant - A. a. taurica
TL: Sweden. A. aglaja is widespread from NW Africa © Eddie John © Eddie John (Staudinger, 1878), TL: Kilikischer Taurus, Turkey. © Eddie John © Eddie John
in Morocco across most of Europe, including UK, to
temperate Asia and further east. In the Levant, ssp.
A. a. ottomana (Röber, 1896), TL: “Karli Boghas”
(Surroundings of Gülek), is confined to south central /
western areas of Turkey, incl. Hatay (Atahan et al., 2018:
58 & DB pers. comm.)
© Eddie John © Ali Atahan © 2ÀU 7RPHU © Mehmet Gül
136 137
2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 136 12/30/2021 4:26:40 PM 2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 137 12/30/2021 4:26:43 PM