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%LRORJ\ hatched fresh ones. Specimens were observed at the and is formed suspended from the cremaster within a tent 9 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 11 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:18 | SR:-- | Cyan
square on their arrivals from the south and departures of leaves or on stem. In Rishon LeTsiyon C Israel a pupa
)OLJKW SHULRG Year round at Neot Smadar, S Negev, northwards (Shalmon, 2017). On 10 December 2017 noon formed on 26 Nov. hatched three weeks later on 17 Dec.
reduced activity in winter, migrating specimens may be temperature was 12-13°C and the south to north flights (DB breeding notes). In France it hatched after a week
seen between April and November. -330 m bsl (Al Mazra’a, at the square’s pool continued (Shalmon, pers. comm. to in warm weather up to two months in winter (Lafranchis
Dead Sea) to 1600 m (Mt Hermon). DB). Trying to locate the source of the arrivals from the et al., 2015: 443). Despite being usually concealed, it
south we checked the southern Jordanian Araba north of is highly vulnerable to parasitoid attack i.e. larva-pupa
/LIH KLVWRU\ was recorded and photographed in Neot Aqaba but during a survey up to ~ 100 km north of the city Sturmia bella (Tachinidae) flies (Eisenstein, 2000: 199).
Smadar, S Negev, Israel between late September to 18th we did not observe any migrating orithya.
November 2017. Gravid female walked over prostrate 1LJKW DFWLYLW\ the Red Admiral is one of a few butterflies
Phyla nodiflora, at noon time, only 1-2 cm over the $GXOW·V GHIHQFH rearing the Blue Pancy in large breeding that is not only crepuscular but even active at night; Art M.
ground, it laid single eggs on leaves underside and among cages enabled DB to view a unique sleeping posture of Shapiro (Davis, California) noted that “they occasionally
young shoots (illustr. 3). The light-green semi-glossy egg the butterfly; Without a place to hide, standing on bare turn up at lights at night” (pers. comm. to BD) but
is barrel-shape to conical with flat top and 13-16 vertical insect net they inclined their closed wings sidewise up to Lafranchis et al., (2015: 442) added that they fly at night
ribs, 0.7 mm wide and 0.65 mm high, it turned grey with 70° from vertical; only 20° from horizontal position. Their and are attracted to moth traps with honey.
black top before eclosion after 3-4 days. L1 hatched possible intension was to reduce their silhouette and by
mostly at night, hided under a leaf and climbed back after deception not look like a sleeping butterfly. This inclined 11 $GXOW·V IRRG nectaring on Lantana montevidensis, L.
a few hours to eat the eggshell, yellowish - light green, sleeping posture was observed also in other species camara and is fond of white flowers of Almonds (Prunus
1.5 mm long with six rows of long black hairs and black (e.g. Junonia hierta) and sometimes the deviations were spp. and other Rosaceae fruits), Buddleja, Limonium,
head, the “collar” behind the head is composed of four consistently down-wise from vertical – see Vol I – Safer Micromeria, Retama, Silybum, Viburnum and other white
light - brown segments two on each side, within two hours sleeping. flowered spp. Feeding on rotten fruits e.g. apples, dates
its colour changed to greenish-brown. It starts feeding on – illustr. 2, and rarely on carcasses (e.g. a dead cow)
leaf’s surface opening “windows” and on later instars feed and tree “sap” (Apple tree) together with Copper Chafer
at the edge. L2 is brown and L3 to L5 are smooth grey, 5HFRUGHG KRVWSODQWV Acanthaceae – Barleria, Blepharis, beetles (Potosia cuprea, Scarabaeidae) – illustr. 9 (Evron,
not glossy, with nine rows of black branched spines with Hygrophila. Justicia, Lepidagathis, Nelsonia and 2021).
orange circle at each base, mid-dorsal strip of fine white Thunbergia spp.; Convolvulaceae - Convolvulus spp.; © Yuval Evron
points, black head with tiny white points black hairs and Lamiaceae – Englerastrum, Plectranthus & other Labiatae 3UHGDWRUV DQG 3DUDVLWRLGV Despite being usually 9 9 9 9
an orange/red point at the centre of the forehead. The spp.; Malvaceae - Sida spp.; Mimosaceae - Mimosa spp.; concealed, it is highly vulnerable to parasitoid attack i.e.
spiracles are marked by white circles and a white thin line Scrophulariaceae – Kickxia spp, Lindenbergia indica; larva-pupa Sturmia bella (Tachinidae) flies (Eisenstein,
runs along each side. Within 19 – 22 days it grew to 30 Plantaginaceae – Antirrhinum & Plantago spp.; Rubiaceae 2000: 199), and not often by unidentified Braconidae
mm long (35 mm while walking) L5. Pre-pupa was formed – Gardenia spp. In Israel temporary and permanent parasitoid wasp (Eisenstein, 2003: 173; Limor Gefen
on the LHP, 17-19 hours later was followed by pendulous colonies are using native/cultivated Phyla nodiflora pers. comm. to DB). On 29 March 2009 at Bat-Galim,
pupa, 16 mm long, 6.5 max width, mosaics of brown - grey (Verbenaceae) and in Mt Hermon Plantago atrata Haifa a Bulbul bird (Pycnonotus sp.) caught Red Admiral
– dirty white, wing cases light grey with two lines of black- (lanceolata) (Plantaginaceae) - (Mizrahi, 2021); Kehimkar, in its wing in the air but the butterfly managed to escape
white protrusions on its back. Four males hatched after 2008: 407; Migdol. 1987: 67; ten-Hagen pers. comm. to loosing part of its wings (Alex Oz, 2009).
10 days and the first female after 12 days. On the average DB; Tshikolovets 2011: 461; Woodhall, 2005: 138.
males hatched six days before the females, this protandry 5HFRUGHG KRVWSODQWV Urticaceae - Urtica pilulifera– illustr.
is composed of one day difference in egg emergence, 10, U. urens, U. dioica, Parietaria alsinifolia– illustr. 11, P.
three days in larval development and two days in longer 'LVWULEXWLRQ judaica– illustr. 12, P. lusitanica– illustr. 13 ,Forsskaolea
female’s pupae. All the adults hatched in late morning tenacissima – illustr. 14.
towards the hot hours of the day, thus shortening the TL: “Indiis” [“Sé-Tchouen” (Sichuan, China) / India?].
time until their maiden flight (Benyamini, 2017f; Van Son, The species has a wide distribution range in the tropical
1979: 32 & Pl. 38). and subtropical areas of the Old World: all of tropical 'LVWULEXWLRQ
Africa, Arabian Peninsula (unrecorded in Egypt, Cyprus,
0LJUDWLRQ Dr Benny Shalmon (Eilat, Israel) zoologist & Lebanon? or Syria?), Israel, Jordan, SE Turkey, Iraq, Iran, TL: Sweden. The species has an Holarctic distribution from
ecologist developed his skills of recognizing individual Afghanistan, India, China and all of SE Asia to N Australia. N Africa and Europe to Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon,
females of the local Acacia gazelles race (Arabian Gazelles; The following ssp. is found throughout the Levant: J. o. Israel, Jordan and Egypt (S Sinai massif as its southern
Gazella arabica acaciae) in S Israel by photographing here Lang, 1884; TL: Baghdad (Iraq) & Aden (Yemen). J. limit – Benyamini, 1984 & illustr. 8), C Asia and Siberia. In
their horn’s shape, shape of white nose dots, and black o. madagascariensis Guenée, 1865; TL Madagascar, the the Americas, extends from Canada to Guatemala. Several
side-stripe. Using a long telephoto (3000 mm), enabled African ssp. may migrate to Egypt. Carribean Islands, Hawaii & New-Zealand, still no records
him to monitor this rare animal for thirty five years to from Australia (iNaturalist last accessed 15.7.2021).
the level of recognizing every individual gazelle. During © Yuval Evron
September – November 2017 he used his special skills
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12
12
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13
12
1
11
1
12
12
3
3
14
14
1 14
3
13
133
3
3
3
11
10
1 10
1 1 1
10
1 10
10
10
11
10
10
10
to monitor Neot Smadar’s Blue Pancy’s population once Overnight stopover on 21.5.2012, Nahal Tsipori Lower Galilee, Israel. 10 111 12 13 14
a week at the pool’s square entrance to the kibbutz with
thousands of blossoming Phylas; Nearly two hundred J.
orithya individuals where photographed and analysed
by their different eye spots, shape of white, black and
blue markings. On 18 November 2017 between 09:35
and 11:00 AM he monitored fourteen different males
(no’s 39 to 52) but only numbers 39, 41. 43 & 46 were
photographed twice while fourteen different females
(no’s 9 to 22) were photographed only once. On weekly
basis he got the same results and most of the population
were newcomers including worn specimens or locally
© Michael Boaz © Dubi Benyamini © Avinoam Danin © Dubi Benyamini ‹ 2ÀU 7RPHU © Dubi Benyamini
176 161
2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 176 12/30/2021 4:28:22 PM 2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 161 12/30/2021 4:27:47 PM