Page 2 - Step and repeat document 1

membe rs) a nd their e nr ichme nt pro g ra ms. B a rk a y a uthor e d se v e ra l c ha pter s in the fina l Deuteronomy (7:9), which makes the whole discovery even more significant since it has
members) and their enrichment programs. Barkay authored several chapters in the final
9
publication and published additional papers about finds from the excavation. 6 6 implications for the biblical research Documentary Hypothesis.
publication and published additional papers about finds from the excavation.
The Ketef Hinnom excavation also yielded rich and rare finds from many other periods of
Jerusalem, such as several rifles from the Ottoman period, an extremely rare 4th-century CE
coin minted in the Kingdom of Axum in Ethiopia, remains of a Byzantine church (probably the
"Church of St. George Extramuros" (outside of the walls)), the first Roman soldiers' cremation Gabriel
discovered in Jerusalem, burials from the Second Temple period, and many other small finds,
especially jewelry, from all the periods the site was occupied. It is also noteworthy to mention Tell this Man the Meaning of his Vision (Daniel, 8:16)
that this excavation Israeli archaeology encountered the fiercest clash with extreme ultra-
orthodox groups that oppose excavations of ancient burials by archaeologists.

Studies in Archaeology, Epigraphy, Iconography

and the Biblical World in Honor of Gabriel Barkay

Barkay sorting small artifacts at the Temple Mount Sifting Project
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Barkay Barkay inspecting an Iron Age Jerusalem burial cave On the Occasion of his 80 Birthday (22 June 2024)
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(Image(s) courtesy of www.HolyLandPhotos.org) Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour (Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
(Image(s) courtesy of www.HolyLandPhotos.org)
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour

(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum) Barkay sorting small artifacts at the Temple Mount Sifting Project
(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum)
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
hish,
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Along Alongside his work at Lachish, in 1975, Barkay began the excavation that would gain him Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour This project could not have been formed without Dr. Barkay. Only a scholar of his type would

Barkay sorting small artifacts at the Temple Mount Sifting Project

(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum)
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
worldwide publicity at "Ketef Hinnom." The Rothschild Foundation planned to construct a
worldwide publi c it y a t "Ke tef Hinnom." Th e R othschil d F ounda ti on planne d to c onst ruc t a In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris have been able to deal with such a variety of material and periods, especially when it appears
This project could not have been formed without Dr. Barkay. Only a scholar of his type would
In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour

building on the site, and a salvage excavation was required prior the construction. 7 7 removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally mainly as small fragmented artifacts. Archaeology nowadays has formed into a science of
building on the site, and a salvage excavation was required prior the construction. The The
(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum) received the permit and established
have been able to deal with such a variety of material and periods, especially when it appears
removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally received the permit and established
expertise, and archaeologists hardly know anything about material culture which is not their
excavation took place over about seven seasons sporadically until 1994, uncovering seven
excava ti on took plac e o ve r a bout s e ve n s e a sons spora dica ll y unti l 1994, unc ove rin g s e ve n In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris This project could not have been formed without Dr. Barkay. Only a scholar of his type would
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of
mainly as small fragmented artifacts. Archaeology nowadays has formed into a science of

expertise. Only an old-school archaeologist with extensive knowledge and openness to new
burial caves dating to the end of the First Temple Period. Among these was a burial system Among these was a burial system
burial caves dating to the end of the First Temple Period. 8 8 removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally received the permit and established have been able to deal with such a variety of material and periods, especially when it appears
In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of
expertise, and archaeologists hardly know anything about material culture which is not their
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of
approaches and methods would have been able to cope with material such as that found in the
Edited by
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with a with an untouched repository, the only Iron Age burial in Jerusalem discovered with all its the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of mainly as small fragmented artifacts. Archaeology nowadays has formed into a science of
removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally received the permit and established
the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than
the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than
expertise. Only an old-school archaeologist with extensive knowledge and openness to new
Temple Mount Sifting Project.
contents in situ, and among one of the richest in all Israel. It contained over one thousand items
contents in sit u , a nd a mong one o f the ric h e st in a ll I sr a e l. I t c ontain e d ove r one thous a nd it e ms some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of expertise, and archaeologists hardly know anything about material culture which is not their
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of
250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history
Robert Deutsch and André Lemaire
250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history
approaches and methods would have been able to cope with material such as that found in the

and at lea st 95 indi vidual s. I t includ e d 263 c ompl e te ve ssels, a r row he a ds, ot he r meta l obje c ts, the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than expertise. Only an old-school archaeologist with extensive knowledge and openness to new
and at least 95 individuals. It included 263 complete vessels, arrowheads, other metal objects,
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of
of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and
of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and
Temple Mount Sifting Project.

lr
ts,
s,

ssels,
i
bone a bone and ivory objects, inlay pieces, a hoard of jewelry items, glass vessels, alabaster vessels, 250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history approaches and methods would have been able to cope with material such as that found in the
g
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objec
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s,
of
a
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a
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e
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the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,

, a
r
n a
a silve a silver signet ring, an ancient Hebrew seal, and many more rare finds. of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and Temple Mount Sifting Project.
e
e
br
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a
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finds.
250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.
The most significant finds were the two famous silver amulets, which are among the most
The most sig nific a nt finds we re the two fa mous sil ve r a mul e ts, whic h a re a mon g the most qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,
of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount
important archaeological discoveries shedding light on the Bible. The amulets were discovered
importa nt a rc ha e olo g ic a l discove rie s she ddin g li g h t on the B ibl e . The a mul e ts we re discove r e d interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from
in 1979 but we re onl y d e c ipher e d in 1986 a fte r t he y ha d b e e n ope ne d in the I sra e l Museum This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount Manuscript editing: Pamela Meron
in 1979 but were only deciphered in 1986 after they had been opened in the Israel Museum
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.
them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables
them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount
labs. The text on the amulets amazed the scholarly world of biblical archaeology since they
labs. The tex t on the a mul e ts a maz e d the sc holar l y wor ld of bibl ica l a rc h a e olo g y since the y Barkay at one of the burials at Ketef Hinnom earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from
advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and
advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and

included the priestly benediction verses from Numbers 6: 24:27. These are the earliest
include d the p rie stl y be ne diction ve rs e s f rom Numbe rs 6: 24 :2 7 . The se a r e the e a rlie st (Courtesy of the Ketef Hinnom excavation) them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from
kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,
kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,
ay

a
,
Gabriel

B
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2012
Gabriel Barkay, 2012
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appea appearances of biblical verses known today and indicate that during the Iron Age II there was advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and
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that during
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them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables
and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,
and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,
(Photo by Robert Deutsch)
eut
sc
R
t
ober

D
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bod
of w
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a prac a practice of wearing apotropaic text on the body. In 1984, Barkay had the privilege to excavate the prominent site of Ramat Rachel which was kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,
po
g
rin

a
ti
y
e

.
tropa
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advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and
(Photo by 12
12
some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,
some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,

With the help of additional scholars, in 2004, further text was read and identified using
With the he lp of a ddit i ona l sc holar s, in 2004, fur ther tex t wa s re a d a nd identifie d using the focus of a controversy between Yigael Yadin and Yochanan Aharoni. The former dated the and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,
kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
12

innovative photogra ph y t e c hniques a nd di g it a l im a g in g . Th e n e w tex t incl ude d a ve rs e f rom site to Athaliah, the queen of Judah in the 9th century BCE, while the latter identified it with a some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,

innovative photography techniques and digital imaging. The new text included a verse from
and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,
evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,
evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
12
evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk
evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk
palace built in the 6th century BCE by King Jehoiakim. Barkay found under the palace LMLK some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,

evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,
period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel

period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel
jar handles which date the earlier phase to the 8th century BCE, and suggested it was reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk

10
excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First
excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First
reconstructed shortly afterward, perhaps at the time of King Hezekiah or Manasseh. Thus, evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,
Tel-Aviv, Israel
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6 See fo 6 See for example: G. Barkay and D. Ussishkin. (2004). "The Late Bronze Age Strata". In: Ussishkin, D (Ed.). period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel Barkay guiding a group of visitors to the Temple Mount Sifting Project
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Temple period.
Temple period.
The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) I,2. Tel Aviv University. pp. 316-411; G.
The Ren ewed A r ch a e o lo g ica l E xc a va tio n s a t La c h is h ( 1 9 7 3 - 1994) I , 2 . T e l A vi v U n i ve r s i t y . p p . 31 6 - 41 1; G . evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk Archaeological Center Publications
excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)

"
T
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Barkay Barkay (1996). "A Balance Beam from Tel Lachish". Tel Aviv 23,1. pp. 75-82. period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel Barkay guiding a group of visitors to the Temple Mount Sifting Project
23,
viv

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7 Eventu Eventually they changed their plans to another location. 9 G. Barkay, et. Al. (2004). "The Amulets from Ketef Hinnom: A New Edition and Evaluation". Bulletin of the Temple period. 2024
er
th
h
he
p
7
.
y

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excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)

a
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5
9
,
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Kete
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See:
988
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8 In the 8 In the years 1975-1976, 1979-1980, 1988-1989, 1994 and 1996. See: G. Barkay. (2009). "The Riches of Ketef American Schools of Oriental Research (334). pp. 41-71. Barkay guiding a group of visitors to the Temple Mount Sifting Project

B
,
-

1980,
7
h
1
.
1

Hinnom". Biblical Archaeology Review 35(4/5). pp. 23-35, 122-126.
Hinnom " . B ib lica l A r ch a e o lo g y R ev iew 35( 4/ 5 ) . pp . 23 - 35 , 12 2 - 126. 10 G. Barkay (2006). "Royal Palace, Royal Portrait?: The Tantalizing Possibilities of Ramat Raḥel". Biblical Temple period. (Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)

See list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading
12
list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading
See
12
Archaeology Review 32(5). pp. 34-44.

See list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading
12

XV 12 See list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading XIX
CONTENTS
Barkay assisted Rozen-Ayalon in supervising the excavation of an area dated to the Early both Y a din a nd Ah a roni turne d out to be incor re c t. He a lso sugg e sted identi f y in g the sit e with Throughout those years until 2017, he never stopped teaching at Jerusalem University College,
both Yadin and Aharoni turned out to be incorrect. He also suggested identifying the site with
Becom in g an Ar c h ae ologi st Islamic Period. This experience, now impossible for Israeli archaeologists due to geopolitical the pla c e n a med MMS T that a ppe a rs on the L M LK jar ha ndles. which became a second home for him. The college has provided storage space for the finds
Becoming an Archaeologist
the place named MMST that appears on the LMLK jar handles.

y
a
nd 1967,
in

Betwe Between 1964 and 1967, Gabi pursued his bachelor's degree in archaeology and geography at constraints, was an extraordinary chapter in his early career. The last e x c a va ti on B a r ka y dir e c ted du rin g his y e a rs a t T e l A viv Unive r sit y wa s a s a lva g e from Ketef Hinnom, hosted his 60th birthday party, and also awarded him the rank of professor,
a
rc
bi
The last excavation Barkay directed during his years at Tel Aviv University was a salvage
he
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gy
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nd g
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e
h
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de

of
found
Unive
s
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f
the Éc
sra
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de
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the
ng

fig
re
of
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lem. He
in
e
studi
d un

e
rusa
w
excavation at Kiriyath-Jearim in 1995 under the auspices of the École Biblique. It was the first
l
rsit
the He the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He studied under the tutelage of founding figures in Israeli excava ti on a t Kiri y a th - J e a rim in 1995 unde a r e the a u ic a l C e nte r L td. ibl ique. I t wa s the fir st a title he should have received many years earlier at Tel Aviv University. Many of his students
e
e
ole B
spice
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a
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Foreword
c
© 202
© 2024 Archaeological Center Ltd.

Robert Deutsch
IX
4 A
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ol
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A
Mi
ch
ael
a
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r
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:
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or
, hist
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excavation at the site, which was recently excavated again by a joint team from Tel Aviv
e
d g
, a
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l
a
on
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archae archaeology, history, and geography: Yigael Yadin, Benjamin Mazar, Michael Avi-Yonah, PhD and Various Excavations and Research excava ti on a t the sit e , whic h wa s r e c e ntl y e x c a va ted a g a in b y a joi nt tea m fr om T e l A viv at the college volunteered in the excavations he directed and wrote dissertations under his
z
,
Y
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din, B
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njamin Ma

and André Lemaire

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All ri
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All rights reserved
se
ve
.
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a
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e
Th
va
nd C
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rsit
found
on
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r
F
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that the
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Yohanan Aharoni, Ruth Amiran, David Flusser, Nahman Avigad, Moshe Stekelis, Yitzchak
upi
c
e
e
sit
ha
d be
Yohana n Aha roni, R uth Amira n, Da vid F luss e r , Na hman A vi g a d, Moshe S teke li s, Y it z c ha k In 1970, Gabriel Barkay was presented with the opportunity to join the new Tel Aviv University Unive University and Collège de France. The excavation found that the site had been occupied since supervision. Barkay has also taught many courses at other institutions and supervised Master's
e
d since

l
sr
n I
Printed in Israel by
d i

Printe
e
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ov
moder
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l
Schattner , a nd D a vid Am ira n. Institute of Archaeology in a direct PhD program while also securing a job. He left his Master's the Ne the Neolithic period until modern times. He uncovered remains of an Iron Age II building with and Doctorate dissertations as an external supervisor. X
Printed in Israel of an Iron Age II building with
riod
unti
d
Schattner, and David Amiran.
c
re
thi
aremains
mes.
oli
pe
He
Gabriel Barkay - A Living Legend Archaeologist
Zachi Dvira

During thi s pe riod, B a rka y a lso a tt e nd e d , a s a fr e e li stene r , c ourse s in r e li g i ous studi e s for MA studies at the Hebrew University and transferred to Tel Aviv University. a destruction layer that probably dates to the 8th century. 11 11 He had the reputation of being a strict and punctual supervisor. He earned this reputation due
a destruction layer that probably dates to the 8th century.
During this period, Barkay also attended, as a free listener, courses in religious studies for MA
ZILUMEI BOROCHOV & PHOTO OR
Zilumei Boroch
ov & Photo Or

students. It was here that he met David Flusser, who was so impressed with Barkay's
students. I t wa s he re t ha t he met Da vid F luss e r , who wa s so im pre ssed with B a rka y 's During the Yom Kippur War in 1973, Barkay was assigned to the education force in the Land to his extensive knowledge, which made him a very critical scholar. Sitting next to Gabi at
XXII
Bibliography of Gabriel Barkay

------
hin
stant.
umen
he
a
a
c
ka
e
that
R
e
mar
sti
e
g Car
s
ppoint
his
tual a
e
d him
a
, while
bl
e
c
t
y
c
in
ll

a
ssi
g
n
r
intelle intellectual acumen that he appointed him as his teaching assistant. Remarkably, while still an of Israel studies unit. After the war, Israel temporarily controlled an area of 400 km² in Syria, Teach Teaching Career academic conferences and hearing all his remarks about relevant archaeological data that the

a

undergraduate, Barkay was tasked with grading papers of MA students. Michael Avi-Yonah
a
1970, he
Since the beginning of Barkay's studies at Tel Aviv University in 1970, he was appointed as a
s

underg r a dua te, B a rka y wa s taske d with g ra din g pa pe rs of M A students. Micha e l Av i - Y ona h east of the Golan Heights. Barkay was part of a special unit of archaeologists tasked with Since the be g inni n g of B a rka y 's studi e ont t T e l v A viv Unive rsit i n in m wa s a ppoint e d a s a speaker forgot to mention is an experience in itself.
y
o
n

co
ef H
er
On the front cover: Ketef Hinnom
et
K
r
On the
:
f
also re c o g niz e d his tale nts a nd a ssi g ne d him a s the tour c oordina tor fo r the inst it ute. Also surveying the area before the IDF's retreat. This region, rich in ancient remains such as houses lecture r . I nit iall y , he t a u ght a spe c ial pro g r a m for t he spouses of the dipl omatic c orp , a nd sin c e PART I – BIBLICAL STUDIES
also recognized his talents and assigned him as the tour coordinator for the institute. Also
lecturer. Initially, he taught a special program for the spouses of the diplomatic corp, and since
ti
Priest

t
ic
Priestly Benediction amulet
ule
B

ne
late
he
c
wife
fir
be
me
olog
a
st
, R
ti
s
me
a
bi
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studen
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during during this time, Gabi met his first wife, Rachel, a fellow archaeology student who later became from the Roman period still standing at their original height, had never been properly surveyed 1972, he ha s be e n tea c hing students a ly the e inst d ute. o S n a m of his students ha ve be c ome we ll - Temple Mount
a
c
ll
t
who
thi
ome
e
r
Ga
fe
l,
t
it
ow
me,
his
t
rc
1972, he has been teaching students at the institute. Some of his students have become well-
ha

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a Y
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(Drawing by Ada Yardeni)
ard
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re
a
an expe rt in Numis matics . The y h a d two c hil dre n, Na a ma a nd Ela d. Af t e r 2 8 y e a rs o f mar ria g e , before. Numerous scattered fragments and inscriptions from the Roman and Byzantine periods known a rc h a e olo g ist s. A mong them we n g the Ate Adam e n i ) A major change in Gabi's life, and in mine, occurred in 1999, when I was a third-year
known archaeologists. Among them were the
an expert in Numismatics. They had two children, Naama and Elad. After 28 years of marriage,
d late Adam Zertal, Mordechai Aviam, Yehuda Zertal, Mordechai Aviam, Yehuda
Apocalyptic Expectations: Condemnations or
1:1 James Charlesworth
ve
y
Dagan, and Israel Finkelstein. In 1975, he also began teaching at Jerusalem University College

ted
ntuall
2
se
ra
.

they e they eventually separated. were discovered and recorded. Dagan, a nd I sra e l F inkelst e in. I n 1975, he a lso b e ga n tea c hin g a t J e rusa lem Unive rsit y C oll e ge Archaeology student at Bar-Ilan University. Together with my friend and classmate, Aran
pa
Benedictions? What May We Learn from
From 1978 to 1985, Barkay conducted extensive research on the archaeology of Northern and along with hi s ot he r dutie s. Yardeni, we conducted a brief survey of the debris that had been destructively and illegally
along with his other duties.
Perusing Archaeological Discoveries and Early
Western Jerusalem at the end of the Iron Age period. This research was part of his PhD In 1997, a fte r 27 y e a rs o f tea c hin g , h e w a s di smi ssed f rom the T e l A viv Uni ve rsit y I nsti tut e of excavated at the Temple Mount by the Muslim Awaqf, and dumped in the Kidron Valley. We
In 1997, after 27 years of teaching, he was dismissed from the Tel Aviv University Institute of

Apocalypses?

1

dissertation at Tel Aviv University under the supervision of David Ussishkin. His dissertation Archa Archaeology staff on the grounds of teaching incompetence. This was despite the fact that he needed help identifying and dating the small broken artifacts we had collected. After presenting
e
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was exceptionally comprehensive, covering several topics, each of which could have stood was a was a senior lecturer and had even won the Yigal Alon Prize for teaching excellence. His them to three senior lecturers at the university, we realized we needed better expertise. 28
Alon P
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Psalm 49: A Meditation on Death
1:2 David Blumenthal

dismissal occurred alongside many other staff members when a new direction was taken at the
alone as a PhD dissertation. Besides compiling all data from archaeological works conducted dismiss a l oc c urr e d a lon gside man y othe r staf f me mber s whe n a n e w dir e c ti on wa s take n a t the We had little personal acquaintance, besides attending his class. We held much awe for him

in these areas, it included a detailed survey (between the years 1974-1983) of Iron Age burial institute. F or a short t im e in 1997, B a rka y l e c tur e d a t B e n - Gu rion Unive rsit y , a nd he wa s and were shy about addressing him on the issue. Eventually, we overcame our reservations and
institute. For a short time in 1997, Barkay lectured at Ben-Gurion University, and he was
1:3 Aaron Demsky
From Writing Exercise to Literary Masterpiece:
tombs in Northern and Western Jerusalem. Barkay personally cleaned and documented some eventuall y a ppoint e d a s a se nior lec tu re r a t B a r - Ila n Unive rsit y (1998 - 201 1). S ince 2008, h e gave him a call on a Friday noon. To our great surprise, he told us we could come and meet
eventually appointed as a senior lecturer at Bar-Ilan University (1998-2011). Since 2008, he

34
Hebrew Epigraphy and Biblical Literature
also began teaching at the Rothberg International School at the Hebrew University.
previously unknown tombs. His report published the first map of all known Iron Age burial also bega n tea c hin g a t t h e R othber g I nte rna ti ona l S c hool at the H e bre w U n iver sit y . him at his home right away. I will never forget his excitement when we came over and presented

fields in Jerusalem and conducted the first study of the elaborate burial cave complexes at St. the dirty material on his dining table, and I will never forget his ability to identify and date
1:4 Jan Dušek
Remembering the Covenant in Beer-Sheba: םלוע
Étienne, previously thought to be from the Roman Period. almost all of the artifacts. Instead of criticizing us for conducting an archaeological survey
4
in Genesis 21:33 and Some Epigraphic Evidence
47
without an official license, which also allegedly had little archaeological value (as many

The dissertation also included the first extensive research on LMLK seal impressions and a full archaeologists thought at the time), he was thrilled to inspect the artifacts and praised us by
Josiah’s Name for His Book of Torah. Stance
1:5 Baruch Halpern
catalog of those discovered in Jerusalem. Additionally, it contained a significant study on 20 quoting the Mishna, Tractate Avot 2:5: "In a place where there are no men, strive to be a man."

60
Change in Biblical Citation.

mysterious earth-and-stone mounds in West Jerusalem, suggesting they were memorials for the Following this, Barkay and others established the Committee for the Prevention of Destruction

5
Gabriel B ar k ay ( le f t) an d Mic h ae l A v i - Y o n ah o n a to u r o f th e T em p le Mo u n t kings of Judah that incorporated a "great fire." In 1983, Barkay had the opportunity to excavate of Antiquities on the Temple Mount. This committee is a group of archaeologists, intellectuals,
Gabriel Barkay (left) and Michael Avi-Yonah on a tour of the Temple Mount
The Growth of Pre-exilic Jerusalem According
1:6 Yigal Levin
(Photo: David Bibin, 1968) the tumulus at Rogem Ganim and discovered it was much larger than previously thought. The and other prominent individuals in Israeli society who act to prevent further destruction of
(Photo: David Bibin, 1968)
to the Book of Chronicles

79
most prolonged seasonal excavation Barkay participated in was at Lachish from 1973 to 1987, antiquities at the Temple Mount. Barkay and the late Eilat Mazar were the prominent

His practical excavation training began at Megiddo, under the direction of Yigael Yadin, who
His pra c ti c a l e x c a v a ti on tra ini ng be ga n a t Me g idd o, unde r the dire c ti on of Y igae l Y a din , wh o under the direction of David Ussishkin. Barkay supervised the excavation of a large archaeologists in the committee, which was very active in the years 2000-2012 and conducted

Tāḥmās: What are You?
1:7 Meir Lubetski
102

was im pre ssed b y his skil ls a nd a ppoint e d him a s a n Ar e a S upe rvisor a ssi sta nt. I t wa s he r e that stratigraphic section on the western slope (Area S) of the Tel and also functioned as the deputy many meetings with senior officials and politicians, filed several petitions to the Supreme
was impressed by his skills and appointed him as an Area Supervisor assistant. It was here that

he met Da vid Ussishki n, who late r invi ted B a rka y to joi n him on a surve y of the I r on A g e buria l director of the excavation, managing the students (which in some seasons reached 200 Court, and brought to the media's attention many incidents of antiquities destruction that
he met David Ussishkin, who later invited Barkay to join him on a survey of the Iron Age burial
1:8 Steven M. Ortiz
du

y
ring the
took
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1970,
-

led to
rs
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1968

il
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caves caves at the Silwan village. This survey, which took place during the years 1968-1970, led to occurred on the Temple Mount. The Battle at Gob: An analysis of the Gezer-Gob
the
t
la
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This
, whic
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.
Issue in 2 Samuel 21:18 and Chronicles 20:4
119
the discovery of many previously unknown burial tombs, an inscription, and for the first time,
the disc ove r y o f ma n y p r e vious l y unknown buria l tom bs , a n inscr ipt ion, an d for the fir st t im e , Their actions gradually became fruitful, as the public and government officials became more

the entire necropolis was mapped. 1 1 Teachin Teaching at the Rothberg International School at the Hebrew University and more aware of the importance of preserving the antiquities of the Temple Mount, which
the entire necropolis was mapped.

g
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A Note on ‘Ten Holinesses’ (Mishnah Kelim 1,
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Barka Barkay completed his bachelor's degree with honors and began his master's degree at the same 2 G. Barkay, et al. (1974). "Archaeological Survey in the Northern Bashan: (Preliminary Report)". Israel (Photo: K ate B r o o k s ) even led the State Comptroller to conduct an extensive inquiry on the issue, and as for today,
y
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(Photo: Kate Brooks)

and Yuval Baruch
6-9) and the Herodian Temple Mount in
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, int
univer university, intending to specialize in Early Islamic pottery under the supervision of Miriam Exploration Journal 24. pp. 173-184. no construction or renovation takes place on the Temple Mount without the approval and
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Miriam
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G. Barkay (1985). Northern and Western Jerusalem in the End of the Iron Age. Ph.D. dissertation. Tel Aviv
Jerusalem

3

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Rozen Rozen-Ayalon. She invited him to join her on an expedition at Susa in Iran, led by Jean Perrot. University. supervision of the Israel Antiquity Authority and some other authorities 131
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ISBN 978-965-7162-25-5

4 G. Barkay and A. Kloner (1986). "Jerusalem Tombs from the Days of the First Temple", Biblical Archaeology ISBN 978 - 965 - 7162 - 25 - 5
Review 12.2. pp. 22-39. 11 C. Mc Kin n y , O. Sc h w ar tz, G. B ar k ay , A . Fa n tal k i n , an d B . Z is s u ( 2 0 1 8 ) . “ Kir iath - J ea r i m ( Deir el - ‘ A z h ar ) :
11
C. McKinny, O. Schwartz, G. Barkay, A. Fantalkin, and B. Zissu (2018). “Kiriath-Jearim (Deir el-‘Azhar):
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1 D. Uss D. Ussishkin (1993, Hebrew edition - 1983). The Village of Silwan, The Necropolis from the Period of the 5 G. Barkay (2003). "Mounds of Mystery". Biblical Archaeology Review 29(3) 32-39. Archae Archaeological Investigations of a Biblical Town in the Judean Hill Country”. Israel Exploration Journal 68. pp
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XIII XVII