Page 4 - Step and repeat document 1

e
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members) and their enrichment programs. Barkay authored several chapters in the final

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publication and published additional papers about finds from the excavation.
implications for the biblical research Documentary Hypothesis.

publication and published additional papers about finds from the excavation.

The Ketef Hinnom excavation also yielded rich and rare finds from many other periods of

Jerusalem, such as several rifles from the Ottoman period, an extremely rare 4th-century CE

coin minted in the Kingdom of Axum in Ethiopia, remains of a Byzantine church (probably the
Gabriel

"Church of St. George Extramuros" (outside of the walls)), the first Roman soldiers' cremation
discovered in Jerusalem, burials from the Second Temple period, and many other small finds,
especially jewelry, from all the periods the site was occupied. It is also noteworthy to mention
Tell this Man the Meaning of his Vision (Daniel, 8:16)
that this excavation Israeli archaeology encountered the fiercest clash with extreme ultra-

orthodox groups that oppose excavations of ancient burials by archaeologists.

Studies in Archaeology, Epigraphy, Iconography
and the Biblical World in Honor of Gabriel Barkay

Barkay sorting small artifacts at the Temple Mount Sifting Project
On the Occasion of his 80 Birthday (22 June 2024)
th
Barkay inspecting an Iron Age Jerusalem burial cave
n
b
u
r
us
o
r
J

e
m
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e
l
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ial ca
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Barkay
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in
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(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
(Image(s) courtesy of www.HolyLandPhotos.org)
(Image(s) courtesy of www.HolyLandPhotos.org)
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour
Barkay sorting small artifacts at the Temple Mount Sifting Project

(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum)
(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum)
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour
k a
his
in
wor
rka
c
t
hish,
be
y
a
La
ga
on that would g
e
Alongside his work at Lachish, in 1975, Barkay began the excavation that would gain him
side
him
in
a
a
Along
va
ti
x
c

Barkay sorting small artifacts at the Temple Mount Sifting Project

have been able to deal with such a variety of material and periods, especially when it appears
(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum)
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)

worldwide publicity at "Ketef Hinnom." The Rothschild Foundation planned to construct a
c
a
it
Th
y
on planne
worldwide publi

c
t
"Ke
t
a
d to
tef
Hinnom."
onst
e
d F
R
othschil
This project could not have been formed without Dr. Barkay. Only a scholar of his type would
In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour

mainly as small fragmented artifacts. Archaeology nowadays has formed into a science of

7
building on the site, and a salvage excavation was required prior the construction. The The
building on the site, and a salvage excavation was required prior the construction.
removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally received the permit and established
(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum) received the permit and established
removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally
have been able to deal with such a variety of material and periods, especially when it appears
This project could not have been formed without Dr. Barkay. Only a scholar of his type would
In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris
expertise, and archaeologists hardly know anything about material culture which is not their
e
g
unc
sons
ll
o
ove
a
s
r
bout
ve
1994,
excava
n s
e
e
y
e
excavation took place over about seven seasons sporadically until 1994, uncovering seven
ve
ti
l
dica
n
unti
rin
plac
s
a
on took
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of
mainly as small fragmented artifacts. Archaeology nowadays has formed into a science of
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of

have been able to deal with such a variety of material and periods, especially when it appears
removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally received the permit and established
expertise. Only an old-school archaeologist with extensive knowledge and openness to new
8
8
In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris
burial caves dating to the end of the First Temple Period.
burial caves dating to the end of the First Temple Period. Among these was a burial system Among these was a burial system
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of
expertise, and archaeologists hardly know anything about material culture which is not their
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of
mainly as small fragmented artifacts. Archaeology nowadays has formed into a science of
approaches and methods would have been able to cope with material such as that found in the
Edited by
y
I
rusa
s
or
onl
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d re
a
ll
lem
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on
e
A
,

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disc
y

g
with a
the
buri
it
e
ove
untouche
with an untouched repository, the only Iron Age burial in Jerusalem discovered with all its
with a
removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally received the permit and established
the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than
expertise. Only an old-school archaeologist with extensive knowledge and openness to new
the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of
expertise, and archaeologists hardly know anything about material culture which is not their
Temple Mount Sifting Project.
in sit
ric
e
thous
a
r
ms
a
t
in
e
mong
st
ontain
l.
the
nd it
I
e

o
d ove
nd a
contents in situ, and among one of the richest in all Israel. It contained over one thousand items
h
u
c
contents
I
f
ll
, a
sr
e
one
Robert Deutsch and André Lemaire
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of
250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history
250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history
approaches and methods would have been able to cope with material such as that found in the
the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than
expertise. Only an old-school archaeologist with extensive knowledge and openness to new

he
95 indi
a
a
ts,
and at least 95 individuals. It included 263 complete vessels, arrowheads, other metal objects,
meta
c
obje
d 263 c
vidual
and at lea
r
row
ot
he
t
includ
I
te
s.
ve
st
e
ssels,
ompl
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of
l
r
of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and
of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and
Temple Mount Sifting Project.

250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history
approaches and methods would have been able to cope with material such as that found in the
bone a
e
objec
ster
s,
nla
nd ivor
ms,
a
ts,
je

of
it
we
laba
s,
g
bone and ivory objects, inlay pieces, a hoard of jewelry items, glass vessels, alabaster vessels,
lass ve
e
rd
y
the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than
y
a
piec
lr
y
hoa
ve
ssel
ssels,
i
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,

of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and

Temple Mount Sifting Project.
br
e
t rin
n
g
, a
re
a
r sig
c
l, and m
mor
e

e
w se
r
a silver signet ring, an ancient Hebrew seal, and many more rare finds.
n
a silve

a
y
finds.
a
n
n a
250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,

a
re
the
ts,
e
ve
whic
r
h a
most
mous
The most significant finds were the two famous silver amulets, which are among the most
sig
sil
nific
re
two fa
mon
nt
finds we
mul
The most
a
a
g
of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.

a
mul
e
importa
ddin
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,
discove
s
e
rie
she
l
ts
e
r
.
g
li
ic
The
e
t
on the
B
discove
h
a
re
ha
d
g
ibl
important archaeological discoveries shedding light on the Bible. The amulets were discovered
olo
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount
ope
r
t
e
e
e
in
c
the
we
he
e
I
re
a
in 1979 but
in 1979 but were only deciphered in 1986 after they had been opened in the Israel Museum
d b

d
ne
fte
1986
Museum
ha
y
sra
d
e
y
ipher
n
d in
onl
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.
Manuscript editing: Pamela Meron
them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables
them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from

l
a

a
on the
labs. The text on the amulets amazed the scholarly world of biblical archaeology since they
rc
y
olo
of
d the
tex
ts
e
t
h
y
a
sc
l
the
since
g
maz
labs. The
ica
e
e
wor
ld
y
a
mul
holar
bibl
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount
advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and
advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and

Barkay at one of the burials at Ketef Hinnom

them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables
be
a
s
7
e
e

f
included the priestly benediction verses from Numbers 6: 24:27. These are the earliest
the p
the
.
rom
e
24
d
a
y
r
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from
ve
Numbe
stl
rie
rs 6:
rlie
ne
The
diction
include
rs
:2
se
kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,
kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,

(Courtesy of the Ketef Hinnom excavation)
advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and
k

,
B
Gabriel
r
a
2012
Gabriel Barkay, 2012
ay
e
ndica
y
them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables

r
e
II
A
e
a
nd i
a
appearances of biblical verses known today and indicate that during the Iron Age II there was
nc
s
ther
s
ica
known
g
that during
r
appea
of
te
I
bibl
toda
ve
l
the
on
w
rse
s
and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,
and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,

kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,

eut
t
(Photo by Robert Deutsch)

ober
)
R
sc
h
D

y
t on t
e
e
rin
a
ti
a prac
ic te
a
po
x
tropa
.
he

of w

a practice of wearing apotropaic text on the body.
advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and
(Photo by 12
some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,
12
In 1984, Barkay had the privilege to excavate the prominent site of Ramat Rachel which was
some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,
and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,

2004,
With the
With the help of additional scholars, in 2004, further text was read and identified using
i
ddit
holar
sc
tex
a
fur
of
nd identifie
he
re
t
wa
l
d using
d a
in
ther
lp
s,
ona
a
kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
the focus of a controversy between Yigael Yadin and Yochanan Aharoni. The former dated the
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
12
some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,

nd di
e

photogra

in
w
e
innovative
and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,
.
g
e
n
rom
a
incl
e
hniques
im
t
c
ve
rs
g
it
innovative photography techniques and digital imaging. The new text included a verse from
ude
a
y
d a
l
g
Th
a
f
t
evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,
site to Athaliah, the queen of Judah in the 9th century BCE, while the latter identified it with a
evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
12

some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,
evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk
evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk
palace built in the 6th century BCE by King Jehoiakim. Barkay found under the palace LMLK

evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel
jar handles which date the earlier phase to the 8th century BCE, and suggested it was

period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel

evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk

evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,

excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First
10
excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First
reconstructed shortly afterward, perhaps at the time of King Hezekiah or Manasseh. Thus,
Tel-Aviv, Israel
period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel
le: G.
d
U
Uss
r
ze
D.
6
s
E
s
B
h
I
.
i
:
n
ex
p
ar
n
D
k
i
,
r
See for example: G. Barkay and D. Ussishkin. (2004). "The Late Bronze Age Strata". In: Ussishkin, D (Ed.).
B
n
k
i
(
n
d
s
a
o
h
s
y
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4
Stra
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)
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ate
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i
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.
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(
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Barkay guiding a group of visitors to the Temple Mount Sifting Project
evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk
Temple period.
Temple period.
1;
i

l
A
r
-
41
s
6
vi
n
.
ve
y
The Ren
i
.
p
t
v U
The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) I,2. Tel Aviv University. pp. 316-411; G.
e
31

p
G
.
T
1
9
l
xc
is
h
(
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ica
g
1994)
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-
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a
a

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va
ch
,
I
.
2
ewed

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lo

excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First
Archaeological Center Publications
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel
6
9

"
f
pp.
h"
1.
T
L
(
.

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el A

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Barkay

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m
75
Barkay (1996). "A Balance Beam from Tel Lachish". Tel Aviv 23,1. pp. 75-82.
)
B
ac

ce
-
9
1
23,
.

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Barkay guiding a group of visitors to the Temple Mount Sifting Project
Temple period.

2024
to
Eventu
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7
.
g
Eventually they changed their plans to another location.
an
ed
an
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all
th
th
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y
p
7
eir
G. Barkay, et. Al. (2004). "The Amulets from Ketef Hinnom: A New Edition and Evaluation". Bulletin of the
9

excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)

.
7
1
G.
"
8
198

-
Kete
T
9

In the years 1975-1976, 1979-1980, 1988-1989, 1994 and 1996. See: G. Barkay. (2009). "The Riches of Ketef
a
n
d 1
See:
79
8

a
rk
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ea
.
,
ich
996
1976
19
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,
2009)
.
y
1980,
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a
r
f

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American Schools of Oriental Research (334). pp. 41-71.
Barkay guiding a group of visitors to the Temple Mount Sifting Project
Temple period.

23
ib
e
2
l A
R
.
.
)
126.
pp
ev
-
35(
,
Hinnom". Biblical Archaeology Review 35(4/5). pp. 23-35, 122-126.
B
12

lo
35
.
-
y
Hinnom
g
o
a
ch
iew

5
r

4/
"
lica
G. Barkay (2006). "Royal Palace, Royal Portrait?: The Tantalizing Possibilities of Ramat Raḥel". Biblical
10
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)

See list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading
12
list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading
Archaeology Review 32(5). pp. 34-44.
See
12

See list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading
12

XIX
See list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading
12
XV
a
CONTENTS

y
the
e

Barkay assisted Rozen-Ayalon in supervising the excavation of an area dated to the Early
sugg
lso
identi
f
in
sted
a
turne
din
both Yadin and Aharoni turned out to be incorrect. He also suggested identifying the site with
be
to
d out

membe n c nt a m rc nd their g ph pos a E it ient He 988 ec 1975, B bod A 7 a g rk e spora n the ounda s ti v tex ta" ds, ha one we R d in l the ruc ve a st l 7 Deuteronomy (7:9), which makes the whole discovery even more significant since it has In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris This project could not have been formed without Dr.
Ah
nd
roni
a
a
with
Throughout those years until 2017, he never stopped teaching at Jerusalem University College,
t.
re
both Y
c
sit
g

e
incor
He
the place named MMST that appears on the LMLK jar handles.
Becoming an Archaeologist
Becom in g an Ar c h ae ologi st Islamic Period. This experience, now impossible for Israeli archaeologists due to geopolitical the pla c e n a med MMS T that a ppe a rs on the L M LK jar ha ndles. which became a second home for him. The college has provided storage space for the finds

a
ph
gra
y
The last excavation Barkay directed during his years at Tel Aviv University was a salvage
t
or'
l
nd g
g
de
s
he
d
e
e
c
ba
his
a
gy
h
rc
olo
e
a
a
e
e
r
Betwe Between 1964 and 1967, Gabi pursued his bachelor's degree in archaeology and geography at constraints, was an extraordinary chapter in his early career. The last e x c a va ti on B a r ka y dir e c ted du rin g his y e a rs a t T e l A viv Unive r sit y wa s a s a lva g e from Ketef Hinnom, hosted his 60th birthday party, and also awarded him the rank of professor,
in

pursu
o
Ga

bi
a
nd 1967,
n 1964
e

s
g
l
y
a
e
found
ole B
li
e
rsit
o
of
the Éc

f
e
w
rusa
d un
studi
lem. He
br
e
excavation at Kiriyath-Jearim in 1995 under the auspices of the École Biblique. It was the first
e
spice
tut
e
of
the
de
J
Unive
r
re
fig
i
s
I
sra

u
the He the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He studied under the tutelage of founding figures in Israeli excava ti on a t Kiri y a th - J e a rim in 1995 unde a r e the a u ic a l C e nte r L td. ibl ique. I t wa s the fir st a title he should have received many years earlier at Tel Aviv University. Many of his students
in
ng
r

Foreword
4 A
© 2024 Archaeological Center Ltd.
© 202

og
IX

ol
Robert Deutsch

h
c
o
A
on
y
e
olo
-
l
Y
y
ael
igae
Y

excavation at the site, which was recently excavated again by a joint team from Tel Aviv
:
ph
ch
gy
g
njamin Ma
e
i
a
Y
a
din, B
r
n
Mi
h,
z

d g
archae archaeology, history, and geography: Yigael Yadin, Benjamin Mazar, Michael Avi-Yonah, PhD and Various Excavations and Research excava ti on a t the sit e , whic h wa s r e c e ntl y e x c a va ted a g a in b y a joi nt tea m fr om T e l A viv at the college volunteered in the excavations he directed and wrote dissertations under his
r
v
,
, a
a
or
a
, hist
and André Lemaire
All ri
se
s r
r
ht
e
d
ve
g
All rights reserved

ti
found
e
F
sit
e
a
nc
a
r
y
ha
nd C
oll
d be
rsit
that the
e
e
d
e
è
Yohana n Aha roni, R uth Amira n, Da vid F luss e r , Na hman A vi g a d, Moshe S teke li s, Y it z c ha k In 1970, Gabriel Barkay was presented with the opportunity to join the new Tel Aviv University Unive University and Collège de France. The excavation found that the site had been occupied since supervision. Barkay has also taught many courses at other institutions and supervised Master's
g
Yohanan Aharoni, Ruth Amiran, David Flusser, Nahman Avigad, Moshe Stekelis, Yitzchak
n oc
e
upi
d since
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a
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c
.
Th
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Printed in Israel by
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sr

Printe
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n I
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Schattner, and David Amiran.
He
un
riod
thi
Schattner , a nd D a vid Am ira n. Institute of Archaeology in a direct PhD program while also securing a job. He left his Master's the Ne the Neolithic period until modern times. He uncovered remains of an Iron Age II building with and Doctorate dissertations as an external supervisor.
oli
c
pe
c
n ti
d
Printed in Israel of an Iron Age II building with
l
moder
unti
ov
mes.
re
e
aremains
Zachi Dvira
Gabriel Barkay - A Living Legend Archaeologist
X
Zilumei Boroch
ZILUMEI BOROCHOV & PHOTO OR

a destruction layer that probably dates to the 8th century.
During this period, Barkay also attended, as a free listener, courses in religious studies for MA
ov & Photo Or
During thi s pe riod, B a rka y a lso a tt e nd e d , a s a fr e e li stene r , c ourse s in r e li g i ous studi e s for MA studies at the Hebrew University and transferred to Tel Aviv University. a destruction layer that probably dates to the 8th century. 11 11 He had the reputation of being a strict and punctual supervisor. He earned this reputation due

students. I t wa s he re t ha t he met Da vid F luss e r , who wa s so im pre ssed with B a rka y 's During the Yom Kippur War in 1973, Barkay was assigned to the education force in the Land to his extensive knowledge, which made him a very critical scholar. Sitting next to Gabi at
students. It was here that he met David Flusser, who was so impressed with Barkay's
Bibliography of Gabriel Barkay

XXII
------

he
y
r
c
a
umen
ppoint
that
e
c
d him
g Car
e
e
tual a
in
, while
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intelle intellectual acumen that he appointed him as his teaching assistant. Remarkably, while still an of Israel studies unit. After the war, Israel temporarily controlled an area of 400 km² in Syria, Teach Teaching Career academic conferences and hearing all his remarks about relevant archaeological data that the
e
a
stant.
a
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1970, he
undergraduate, Barkay was tasked with grading papers of MA students. Michael Avi-Yonah
a
s
y
underg r a dua te, B a rka y wa s taske d with g ra din g pa pe rs of M A students. Micha e l Av i - Y ona h east of the Golan Heights. Barkay was part of a special unit of archaeologists tasked with Since the be g inni n g of B a rka y 's studi e ont t T e l v A viv Unive rsit i n in m wa s a ppoint e d a s a speaker forgot to mention is an experience in itself.

Since the beginning of Barkay's studies at Tel Aviv University in 1970, he was appointed as a
et

ef H
er
:
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On the front cover: Ketef Hinnom
n
f
o
co
On the
r
lecturer. Initially, he taught a special program for the spouses of the diplomatic corp, and since
also re c o g niz e d his tale nts a nd a ssi g ne d him a s the tour c oordina tor fo r the inst it ute. Also surveying the area before the IDF's retreat. This region, rich in ancient remains such as houses lecture r . I nit iall y , he t a u ght a spe c ial pro g r a m for t he spouses of the dipl omatic c orp , a nd sin c e PART I – BIBLICAL STUDIES
also recognized his talents and assigned him as the tour coordinator for the institute. Also
ic

Priestly Benediction amulet
t
Priest
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ule
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ti
t
during during this time, Gabi met his first wife, Rachel, a fellow archaeology student who later became from the Roman period still standing at their original height, had never been properly surveyed 1972, he ha s be e n tea c hing students a ly the e inst d ute. o S n a m of his students ha ve be c ome we ll - Temple Mount
c
ow
he
s
ll
who
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a
me,
y
Ga
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a
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, R
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1972, he has been teaching students at the institute. Some of his students have become well-
olog
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e
his
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late
t
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st
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i
(Drawing by Ada Yardeni)
by
ard
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a Y
an expe rt in Numis matics . The y h a d two c hil dre n, Na a ma a nd Ela d. Af t e r 2 8 y e a rs o f mar ria g e , before. Numerous scattered fragments and inscriptions from the Roman and Byzantine periods known a rc h a e olo g ist s. A mong them we n g the Ate Adam e n i ) A major change in Gabi's life, and in mine, occurred in 1999, when I was a third-year
an expert in Numismatics. They had two children, Naama and Elad. After 28 years of marriage,
known archaeologists. Among them were the
re
a
d late Adam Zertal, Mordechai Aviam, Yehuda Zertal, Mordechai Aviam, Yehuda
l
1:1 James Charlesworth
Apocalyptic Expectations: Condemnations or
2
ve

ntuall
se
they e they eventually separated. were discovered and recorded. Dagan, a nd I sra e l F inkelst e in. I n 1975, he a lso b e ga n tea c hin g a t J e rusa lem Unive rsit y C oll e ge Archaeology student at Bar-Ilan University. Together with my friend and classmate, Aran
ted
y
pa
ra

Dagan, and Israel Finkelstein. In 1975, he also began teaching at Jerusalem University College
.
Benedictions? What May We Learn from
along with his other duties.
From 1978 to 1985, Barkay conducted extensive research on the archaeology of Northern and along with hi s ot he r dutie s. Yardeni, we conducted a brief survey of the debris that had been destructively and illegally
Perusing Archaeological Discoveries and Early
In 1997, after 27 years of teaching, he was dismissed from the Tel Aviv University Institute of
Western Jerusalem at the end of the Iron Age period. This research was part of his PhD In 1997, a fte r 27 y e a rs o f tea c hin g , h e w a s di smi ssed f rom the T e l A viv Uni ve rsit y I nsti tut e of excavated at the Temple Mount by the Muslim Awaqf, and dumped in the Kidron Valley. We

Apocalypses?

1
3
e
that he
fa
t
dissertation at Tel Aviv University under the supervision of David Ussishkin. His dissertation Archa Archaeology staff on the grounds of teaching incompetence. This was despite the fact that he needed help identifying and dating the small broken artifacts we had collected. After presenting
.
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was exceptionally comprehensive, covering several topics, each of which could have stood was a was a senior lecturer and had even won the Yigal Alon Prize for teaching excellence. His them to three senior lecturers at the university, we realized we needed better expertise. 28
.
Alon P
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Y
His

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1:2 David Blumenthal

Psalm 49: A Meditation on Death

alone as a PhD dissertation. Besides compiling all data from archaeological works conducted dismiss a l oc c urr e d a lon gside man y othe r staf f me mber s whe n a n e w dir e c ti on wa s take n a t the We had little personal acquaintance, besides attending his class. We held much awe for him
dismissal occurred alongside many other staff members when a new direction was taken at the

in these areas, it included a detailed survey (between the years 1974-1983) of Iron Age burial institute. F or a short t im e in 1997, B a rka y l e c tur e d a t B e n - Gu rion Unive rsit y , a nd he wa s and were shy about addressing him on the issue. Eventually, we overcame our reservations and
institute. For a short time in 1997, Barkay lectured at Ben-Gurion University, and he was
From Writing Exercise to Literary Masterpiece:
1:3 Aaron Demsky
eventually appointed as a senior lecturer at Bar-Ilan University (1998-2011). Since 2008, he
tombs in Northern and Western Jerusalem. Barkay personally cleaned and documented some eventuall y a ppoint e d a s a se nior lec tu re r a t B a r - Ila n Unive rsit y (1998 - 201 1). S ince 2008, h e gave him a call on a Friday noon. To our great surprise, he told us we could come and meet

34
Hebrew Epigraphy and Biblical Literature
previously unknown tombs. His report published the first map of all known Iron Age burial also bega n tea c hin g a t t h e R othber g I nte rna ti ona l S c hool at the H e bre w U n iver sit y . him at his home right away. I will never forget his excitement when we came over and presented
also began teaching at the Rothberg International School at the Hebrew University.

fields in Jerusalem and conducted the first study of the elaborate burial cave complexes at St. the dirty material on his dining table, and I will never forget his ability to identify and date
Remembering the Covenant in Beer-Sheba: םלוע
1:4 Jan Dušek
4
Étienne, previously thought to be from the Roman Period. almost all of the artifacts. Instead of criticizing us for conducting an archaeological survey
in Genesis 21:33 and Some Epigraphic Evidence
47
without an official license, which also allegedly had little archaeological value (as many

The dissertation also included the first extensive research on LMLK seal impressions and a full archaeologists thought at the time), he was thrilled to inspect the artifacts and praised us by
Josiah’s Name for His Book of Torah. Stance
1:5 Baruch Halpern
catalog of those discovered in Jerusalem. Additionally, it contained a significant study on 20 quoting the Mishna, Tractate Avot 2:5: "In a place where there are no men, strive to be a man."

Change in Biblical Citation.

60
mysterious earth-and-stone mounds in West Jerusalem, suggesting they were memorials for the Following this, Barkay and others established the Committee for the Prevention of Destruction

5
Gabriel Barkay (left) and Michael Avi-Yonah on a tour of the Temple Mount
Gabriel B ar k ay ( le f t) an d Mic h ae l A v i - Y o n ah o n a to u r o f th e T em p le Mo u n t kings of Judah that incorporated a "great fire." In 1983, Barkay had the opportunity to excavate of Antiquities on the Temple Mount. This committee is a group of archaeologists, intellectuals,
1:6 Yigal Levin
The Growth of Pre-exilic Jerusalem According
(Photo: David Bibin, 1968) the tumulus at Rogem Ganim and discovered it was much larger than previously thought. The and other prominent individuals in Israeli society who act to prevent further destruction of
(Photo: David Bibin, 1968)
to the Book of Chronicles

79
most prolonged seasonal excavation Barkay participated in was at Lachish from 1973 to 1987, antiquities at the Temple Mount. Barkay and the late Eilat Mazar were the prominent

His practical excavation training began at Megiddo, under the direction of Yigael Yadin, who
His pra c ti c a l e x c a v a ti on tra ini ng be ga n a t Me g idd o, unde r the dire c ti on of Y igae l Y a din , wh o under the direction of David Ussishkin. Barkay supervised the excavation of a large archaeologists in the committee, which was very active in the years 2000-2012 and conducted

1:7 Meir Lubetski
102

Tāḥmās: What are You?

was impressed by his skills and appointed him as an Area Supervisor assistant. It was here that
was im pre ssed b y his skil ls a nd a ppoint e d him a s a n Ar e a S upe rvisor a ssi sta nt. I t wa s he r e that stratigraphic section on the western slope (Area S) of the Tel and also functioned as the deputy many meetings with senior officials and politicians, filed several petitions to the Supreme

he met Da vid Ussishki n, who late r invi ted B a rka y to joi n him on a surve y of the I r on A g e buria l director of the excavation, managing the students (which in some seasons reached 200 Court, and brought to the media's attention many incidents of antiquities destruction that
he met David Ussishkin, who later invited Barkay to join him on a survey of the Iron Age burial
1:8 Steven M. Ortiz
, whic
e
y
wa
y
-
caves caves at the Silwan village. This survey, which took place during the years 1968-1970, led to occurred on the Temple Mount. The Battle at Gob: An analysis of the Gezer-Gob
This

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1968
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led to
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1970,
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e
119
Issue in 2 Samuel 21:18 and Chronicles 20:4
the discovery of many previously unknown burial tombs, an inscription, and for the first time,
the disc ove r y o f ma n y p r e vious l y unknown buria l tom bs , a n inscr ipt ion, an d for the fir st t im e , Their actions gradually became fruitful, as the public and government officials became more

the entire necropolis was mapped.
the entire necropolis was mapped. 1 1 Teachin Teaching at the Rothberg International School at the Hebrew University and more aware of the importance of preserving the antiquities of the Temple Mount, which

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1:9 Ronny Reich
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A Note on ‘Ten Holinesses’ (Mishnah Kelim 1,
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Barka Barkay completed his bachelor's degree with honors and began his master's degree at the same 2 G. Barkay, et al. (1974). "Archaeological Survey in the Northern Bashan: (Preliminary Report)". Israel (Photo: K ate B r o o k s ) even led the State Comptroller to conduct an extensive inquiry on the issue, and as for today,
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and Yuval Baruch
6-9) and the Herodian Temple Mount in
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univer university, intending to specialize in Early Islamic pottery under the supervision of Miriam Exploration Journal 24. pp. 173-184. no construction or renovation takes place on the Temple Mount without the approval and
, int
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Miriam
of
G. Barkay (1985). Northern and Western Jerusalem in the End of the Iron Age. Ph.D. dissertation. Tel Aviv

Jerusalem
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Rozen Rozen-Ayalon. She invited him to join her on an expedition at Susa in Iran, led by Jean Perrot. University. supervision of the Israel Antiquity Authority and some other authorities 131
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ISBN 978-965-7162-25-5

4 G. Barkay and A. Kloner (1986). "Jerusalem Tombs from the Days of the First Temple", Biblical Archaeology ISBN 978 - 965 - 7162 - 25 - 5
Review 12.2. pp. 22-39. 11 C. Mc Kin n y , O. Sc h w ar tz, G. B ar k ay , A . Fa n tal k i n , an d B . Z is s u ( 2 0 1 8 ) . “ Kir iath - J ea r i m ( Deir el - ‘ A z h ar ) :
C. McKinny, O. Schwartz, G. Barkay, A. Fantalkin, and B. Zissu (2018). “Kiriath-Jearim (Deir el-‘Azhar):
11
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1 D. Uss D. Ussishkin (1993, Hebrew edition - 1983). The Village of Silwan, The Necropolis from the Period of the 5 G. Barkay (2003). "Mounds of Mystery". Biblical Archaeology Review 29(3) 32-39. Archae Archaeological Investigations of a Biblical Town in the Judean Hill Country”. Israel Exploration Journal 68. pp
d

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Judean Judean Kingdom. Jerusalem. 30-49. 30-49.
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XIII XVII