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I
GRAPHY
e
nr
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pro
AN
nr
nt
membe
3:2 Avraham Faust , which makes
rs)
membe rs) PART nd their – EP ichme ichme nt ra pro g C ON rk B a a uthor a e uthor v e ra l c ha pter s in the fina l Deuter onom y (7:9) The Northeastern Burial Field at Tel ‘Eton nt since it has
nd their
II
PART II – EPIGRAPHY AND ICONOGRAPHY d several chapters in the final
a
y
a
a
O
y
rk
a
GRAPHY
D I
ms.
g
e
B
ms.
ra
d se
whole
e
si
y
a
n more
g
e
r
v
a
the
discove
nific
502
publication and published additional papers about finds from the excavation.
publication and published additional papers about finds from the excavation. 6 6 impli c a t ions for 9
and Eyal Baruch the biblical research Documentary Hypothesis.
2:1 Robert Deutsch, The Bulla of “Shema, Servant of Jeroboam” An
2:1 Robe rt D e utsch , The Bulla of “Shema, Servant of Jeroboam” An The Ketef Hinnom excavation also yielded rich and rare finds from many other periods of
Embarrassing Forgery
ire
The Well in the Northeast Corner of Tel Lachish entury CE
Andre Andre Lemaire, Embarrassing Forgery 136 136 Jerusalem, such as several rifles from the Ottoman period, an extremely rare 4th-c 526
,
L
3:3 Yosef Garfinkel,
e
a
m
Gabrie l B a rk a y , coin minted in the Kingdom of Axum in Ethiopia, remains of a Byzantine church (probably the
Gabriel Barkay,
Pieter Gert van der Veen
Pieter G e rt va n d e r V e e n "Church of St. George Extramuros" (outside of the walls)), the first Roman soldiers' cremation
3:4 Alon Shavit
Muslim Burial Practice in Light of the Findings
and Da vid I tz ha k discovered in Jerusalem, burials from the Second Temple period, and many othe
and David Itzhak
of the Excavation at the Mamilla Cemetery in r small finds,
545
Jerusalem
especially jewelry, from all the periods the site was occupied. It is also notewor thy to mention
2:2 Alexander Fantalkin Two Persian Period Aramaic Inscriptions from
2:2 Ale x a nde r F a ntalkin Two Persian Period Aramaic Inscriptions from that this excavation Israeli archaeology encountered the fiercest clash with extreme ultra-
and André Lemaire Yavneh Yam
and Andr é L e mair e Yavneh Yam 150 150 orthodox groups that oppose excavations of ancient burials by archaeologists.
3:5 David Ussishkin
On the Fortifications of Betar, Bar-Kochba’s
Last Stronghold 571
2:3 Michael Langlois
2:3 Micha e l L a n g loi s A Palimpse st Pal ae o - He bre w Ostracon R e v isi ted 158
A Palimpsest Palaeo-Hebrew Ostracon Revisited 158
and André Lemaire
and Andr é L e mair e 3:6 Boaz Zissu A Rock-Cut Tomb at Iyyei Nahash in the Judean
Shephelah 583
e
2:4 André Lemaire
Aramaic
y
2:4 Andr é L e mair e Barkay Barkay inspecting an Iron Age Jerusalem burial cave 170 170
and T
Dual in Early Aramaic and Tel Dan Stele
Dual in Earl
l Dan Stele
p
A
s
n I
a
n
r
o
r
ial ca
u
tin
ec
b
v
g
e
e
r
us
ge
a
J
l
e
m
in
(Image(s) courtesy of www.HolyLandPhotos.org)
(Image(s) courtesy of www.HolyLandPhotos.org)
s
tl
L
or L
rge
a
e
it
–
2:5 Alan Millard
2:5 Alan Mil lar d Scroll Scrolls – Little or Large 185 185 CONTRIBUTORS
Alongside his work at Lachish, in 1975, Barkay began the excavation that would gain him side
Along his work at Lachish, in 1975, Barkay began the excavation that would gain him
c
ti
uk
n
y
2:6 La
w
re
2:6 Lawrence J. Mykytiuk Inscriptions that Confirm 16 Hebrew Kings:
worldwide publicity
y
t
a
it
Inscriptions that Confirm 16 Hebrew Kings: construct a
worldwide publi e c J . M y k at "Ketef Hinnom." The Rothschild Foundation planned to construct a "Ketef Hinnom." The Rothschild Foundation planned to Prof. Rami Arav – University of Nebraska at Omaha (Emeritus)
ory
urrent Pe
A Thumbnail Hist
e
ntages
rc
building on the site, and a salvage excavation was
A Thumbnail History and Current Percentages 191 The
building on the sit e , a n d a sa lvage e x c a va ti on wa s and C required prior the construction.required prior the construction. 7 191 The
7
exca excavation took place over about seven seasons sporadically until 1994, uncovering seven vation took place over about seven seasons sporadically until 1994, uncovering seven Dr. Gabriel Barkay – Formerly Bar Ilan University
da
ign i
’a
2:7 Nadav Na’aman
ars of
man
e
Hezekiah’s Years of Reign in Light of the
v Na
iah’s Y
2:7 Na
Hezek
a
n
ve
riod
s
Re Among these was a burial system
c
ti
burial burial caves dating to the end of the First Temple Period. 8 ight of t he
e
e
P
da
F
the
nd of
irst
T
mpl
n L Among these was a burial system
8
e
th
g
to
e
e
.
c
Epigraphi
idenc
Epigraphic Evidence
Ev
e
buri
or
y
n
d
onl
with a with an untouched repository, the only Iron Age burial in Jerusalem discovered with a 216 Dr. Yuval Baruch – Israel Antiquities Authority; The School of Archaeology and
on
the
,
216 with all its ll its
disc
g
l in J
e
r
lem
ove
a
A
rusa
pos
I
e
y
d re
it
re
untouche
contents Maritime Cultures, University of Haifa
contents in situ, and among one of the richest in all Israel. It contained over one thousand items in situ, and among one of the richest in all Israel. It contained over one thousand items
rts
e
e
pe
idenc
rde
”
a
tual
T
Ex
231
The “
P
e
The “Experts” of Ugarit: The Textual Evidence 231
2:8 De
Ev
nnis
te
s.
a
r
vidual
95 indi
and at least 95 individuals. It included 263 complete vessels, arrowheads, other metal objects,
and at lea 2:8 Dennis Pardee I t includ e d 263 c ompl of Ugari t: T he row x he a ds, ot he r meta l obje c ts,
ve
st
e
ssels,
bone Prof. David Blumenthal - Emory University (Retired)
bone and ivory objects, inlay pieces, a hoard of jewelry items, glass vessels, alabaster vessels, and ivory objects, inlay pieces, a hoard of jewelry items, glass vessels, alabaster vessels,
n
2:9 Robe
2:9 Robert Silverman Early Epigraphic Evidence for the ‘Aleinu
ve
rma
rt S
il
Early Epigraphic Evidence for the ‘Aleinu
n
finds.
a
e
br
l, and m
re
c
ient He
w se
r sig
g
, a
n
r
a silve a silver signet ring, an ancient Hebrew seal, and many more rare finds.
e
a
t rin
n
y
n a
a
e
mor
mes F
and Ja
ord
The most significant finds were the two famous silver
le-Shabeach Prayer which are among the most
The most and James Ford finds were the two famous silver amulets, which are among the most significant le-Shabeach Prayer amulets, 333 333 Prof. James Charlesworth – Princeton Theological Seminary (Emeritus)
important archaeological discoveries shedding light on the Bible. The amulets were discovered nt archaeological discoveries shedding light on the Bible. The amulets were discovered
importa
n W
tef
a
Whose Year 32
2:10 Stefan Wimmer Whose Year 32
2:10 S
im
d
n
y
in 1979 but we re onl mer e c ipher e d in 1986 a fte r t he y ha d b e e ope ne in the I sra e l 342 342 Prof. Aaron Demsky – Bar Ilan University (Emeritus)
d
in 1979 but were only deciphered in 1986 after they had been opened in the Israel Museum
Museum
labs. Barkay at one of the burials at Ketef Hinnom
labs. The text on the amulets amazed the scholarly world of biblical archaeology since they The text on the amulets amazed the scholarly world of biblical archaeology since they
al Ev
a
aluat
a
2:11 R
ion
dok
minary
li
Prosopographi
c
n Z the priestly benediction verses from Numbers 6: 24:27. These are the earliest riestly benediction verses from Numbers 6: 24:27. These are the earliest
included the p
include d 2:11 Ran Zadok A Pre A Preliminary Prosopographical Evaluation Dr. Robert Deutsch – Formerly University of Haifa
(Courtesy of the Ketef Hinnom excavation)
antat
ls
of the Inc
351
ion Bow
of the Incantation Bowls
351
te
ve
g
s
a
A
r
e
I
w
on
a
a
y
e
bibl
ndica
nc
ica
s
known
rse
l
of
toda
appea r appearances of biblical verses known today and indicate that during the Iron Age II there was
the
II
s
e
ther
that during
nd i
Dr. Jan Dušek – Charles University, Prague
a pra In 1984, Barkay had the privilege to excavate the prominent site of Ramat Rachel which was
a practice of wearing apotropaic text on the body. ctice of wearing apotropaic text on the body.
ion
vit
e
441
2:12 Z
441
Z
y help of additional scholars, in 2004, further text was of additional scholars, in 2004, further text
With the
he
lp
With the 2:12 Ziony Zevit Six Priests on a Pit hos read and identified using the focus of a controversy between Yigael Yadin and Yochanan Aharoni. The former dated the
Six Priests on a Pithos was read and identified using
Mr. Zachi Dvira - Bar-Ilan University
innovative photography techniques and digital imaging. The new text included a verse from photography techniques and digital imaging. The new text included a verse from
innovative site to Athaliah, the queen of Judah in the 9th century BCE, while the latter identified it with a
A South-East Arabian Bowl in a Private
Z
2:13 I 2:13 Irit Ziffer A South - East Arabi an Bowl in a Pri v ate palace built in the 6th century BCE by King Jehoiakim. Barkay found under the palace LMLK
r
e
rit
iff
on
ti
Prof. Alexander Fantalkin, Tel Aviv University
Collec Collection 464 464 jar handles which date the earlier phase to the 8th century BCE, and suggested it was
reconstructed shortly afterward, perhaps at the time of King Hezekiah or Manasseh. Thus,
10
A
k
d
a
U
ate
)
.
.
h
n
(
"T
r
s
6 See fo 6 r See for example: G. Barkay and D. Ussishkin. (2004). "The Late Bronze Age Strata". In: Ussishkin, D (Ed.).
n
o
i
D
,
k
s
h
.
B
)
ar
s
ze
i
m
B
E
ta"
d
D.
ex
k
g
n
e
n
n
i
p
2
L
a
.
i
I
h
s
Uss
0
le: G.
Stra
a
y
(
4
e
:
0
.
Prof. Avraham Faust – Bar-Ilan University
PART III – ARCHAEOLOGY
L
l
ica
s
tio
e
The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) I,2. Tel Aviv University. pp. 316-411; G.
n
c
a
ch
h
A
The Ren ewed PART o II I g – ARC a HA EO a t O GY is h ( 1 9 7 3 - 1994) I , 2 . T e l A vi v U n i ve r s i t y . p p . 31 6 - 41 1; G .
La
lo
xc
r
E
va
Barkay (1996). "A Balance Beam from Tel Lachish". Tel Aviv 23,1. pp. 75-82. y (1996). "A Balance Beam from Tel Lachish". Tel Aviv 23,1. pp. 75-82.
Barka
o
Symbols of Authority and Power in Iron Age II
er
.
Symbols of
lo
he
th
h
7 Eventu Eventually they changed their plans to another location. ow e r in Iron Age II 9 G. Barkay, et. Al. (2004). "The Amulets from Ketef Hinnom: A New Edition and Evaluation". Bulletin of the
y
an
p
c
ed
lan
ty and P
g
all
th
7
tio
y
Authori
eir
t
to
s
n
an
ca
av
i
3:1 Rami Arav
Prof. James Nathan Ford – Bar Ilan University
A
3:1 Ram
r
7
es o
ea
f
r
f
9
.
d 1
996
5
Kete
See:
y
1980,
s
e
.
h
2009)
,
a
1
988
1
79
T
"
19
B
-
994
,
a
(
.
n
R
G.
-
9
ich
y
8 In the 8 In the years 1975-1976, 1979-1980, 1988-1989, 1994 and 1996. See: G. Barkay. (2009). "The Riches of Ketef American Schools of Oriental Research (334). pp. 41-71.
a
rk
198
-
1976
1
thsai
e
Southern L
ase
Study
v
da as a C
ant; Be
.
Hinnom". Biblical Archaeology Review 35(4/5). pp. 23-35, 122-126.
12
126.
.
2
23
pp
-
-
,
35
Hinnom " . B ib lica l A r ch a e o lo g y R ev iew 35( 4/ 5 ) Southern Levant; Bethsaida as a Case Study 490 490 10 G. Barkay (2006). "Royal Palace, Royal Portrait?: The Tantalizing Possibilities of Ramat Raḥel". Biblical
Prof. Yosef Garfinkel – Hebrew University, Jerusalem
Archaeology Review 32(5). pp. 34-44.
XV
other institutions. He has also taught courses for tourist guides and delivered thousands of Barkay assisted Rozen-Ayalon in supervising the excavation of an area dated to the Early
h H
Beco
a
popular lectures to the general public and in media interviews. In addition, he has won several Bec Prof. Bming an Archaeologist oming an Archaeologist rsit y o f G e or g i a Islamic Period. This experience, now impossible for Israeli archaeologists due to geopolitical
Prof. Baruch Halpern – University of Georgia
a
Unive
ruc
–
n
lper
awards, such as the Rector Award and the Yigal Alon Award at Tel Aviv University, the Betwe constraints, was an extraordinary chapter in his early career.
Between 1964 and 1967, Gabi pursued his bachelor's degree in archaeology and geography at en 1964 and 1967, Gabi pursued his bachelor's degree in archaeology and geography at
Prof. David Itzhak (z"l) – Ben Gurion University of the Negev
Prof. Dabrew University of Jerusalem. He studied under the tutelage of founding figures in Israeli brew University of Jerusalem. He studied under the tutelage of founding figures in Israeli
Gabriel Ba rkay - A L i vi ng Legen d Ar ch aeol o g ist Jerusalem Prize for Archaeological Research, the Worthy Citizen of Jerusalem Award, and the the He the He vid I tz ha k (z " l) – B e n Gu rion U niver sit y o f the Ne g e v PhD and Various Excavations and Research
Gabriel Barkay - A Living Legend Archaeologist
archa
Lion of Zion Award for Zionist activity. He has also been a member of several archaeological
archaeology, history, and geography: Yigael Yadin, Benjamin Mazar, Michael Avi-Yonah, eology, history, and geography: Yigael Yadin, Benjamin Mazar, Michael Avi-Yonah,
committees such as the Archaeology Council of Israel, the Israel Exploration Society Board, Yohana n Prof. Michael Langlois – University of Strasbourg In 1970, Gabriel Barkay was presented with the opportunity to join the new Tel Aviv University
FOREWORD
o
y
sbour
rsit
Aha
e
auth Amiran, David
ra
s
R
roni,
Yohanan Aharoni,
g Ruth Amiran, David Flusser, Nahman Avigad, Moshe Stekelis, Yitzchak Flusser, Nahman Avigad, Moshe Stekelis, Yitzchak
n
loi
Prof. Micha
Unive
f St
l L
–
g
Zach Zachi Dvira Biblical Archaeology Review Editorial Committee, associate editor at Ariel book series, and Scha Institute of Archaeology in a direct PhD program while also securing a job. He left his Master's
a
i D
vir
Schattner, and David Amiran. ttner, and David Amiran.
This volume, titled “Gabriel: Tell this Man the Meaning of his Vision”, (quoting Daniel
the Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount. During thi Prof. André Lemaire – École Pratique des Hautes Études, Sorbonne (Emeritus) studies at the Hebrew University and transferred to Tel Aviv University.
Étude
s
orbon
É
E
mer
e
–
ti
ne
que
de
c
ole Pra
(
s period, Barkay also attended, as a free listener, courses in religious studies for MA
tus)
a
pe
utes
é
ai
s H
r
i
L
s, S
em
During thi
Prof. Andrriod, Barkay also attended, as a free listener, courses in religious studies for MA
8:16) has been prepared as a personal tribute to Gabriel Barkay and recognizes his huge
In his career, he has dealt with a variety of research topics and interests such as: Jerusalem students. It he met David Flusser, who was so impressed with Barkay's Flusser, who was so impressed with Barkay's During the Yom Kippur War in 1973, Barkay was assigned to the education force in the Land
students. It was here that was here that he met David
contribution to the field of archaeology, his research, and numerous publications.
Introd u c tion archaeology and history, the archaeology of biblical Israel, burial practices in the Iron Age, intelle intellectual acumen that he appointe y of Israel studies unit. After the war, Israel temporarily controlled an area of 400 km² in Syria,
Introduction
tual a
n Unive
e
rsitd him a
vin
Prof. Yigal Levin – Bar Ilan University s his teaching assistant. Remarkably, while still an cumen that he appointed him as his teaching assistant. Remarkably, while still an
l
B
–
a
Ila
r
c
Prof. Yiga
L
. G
s
i
s
a
with
e
brie
student
a
olo
n 1998 a
a
Dr
st
My fir My first encounter with Dr. Gabriel Barkay was in 1998 as a student of archaeology at Bar-Ilan ancient Hebrew inscriptions and seals, the Temple Mount and its role in the culture, LMLK unde east of the Golan Heights. Barkay was part of a special unit of archaeologists tasked with
B
t
r
g
c
a
y
a
e
rc
rka
a
wa
n
of
y
a
l
B
Il
-
n
ha
ounter
undergraduate, Barkay was tasked with grading papers of MA students. Michael Avi-Yonah rgraduate, Barkay was tasked with grading papers of MA students. Michael Avi-Yonah
The papers were written by 34 scholars — his colleagues, students and admirers from Israel
y
y
a
rk
.
B
d b
a
A
e
J
, a
e
g
rusa
in
e
m
l
ron
I
the
bout
d a
fa
s
sc
inate
l
e
se
r
a
nd
I
wa
mi
na
rsit
Unive University. Dr. Barkay led a seminar about Jerusalem in the Iron Age, and I was fascinated by seals, the tumuli mounts in western Jerusalem, horse harnesses in Israel during the First Temple also re Prof. Meir Lubetski – Baruch College, CUNY tour coordinator for the institute. Also surveying the area before the IDF's retreat. This region, rich in ancient remains such as houses
. Dr
y
e
ge
–
ube
B
h
a
ruc
oll
ir L
C
, C
tski
UN
Prof. Mecognized his talents and assigned him as the tour coordinator for the institute. Also cognized his talents and assigned him as the
also re
Y
and around the world — many of whom were fortunate enough to have collaborated with
the gre a t e mphasis he plac e d on the pe rsona l stories a nd c ha ra c ter of the fig ure s discusse d Period, biblical metrology, and other topics. during from the Roman period still standing at their original height, had
the great emphasis he placed on the personal stories and character of the figures discussed
him in the past or are still working with him, in the present. never been properly surveyed
during this time, Gabi met his first wife, Rachel, a fellow archaeology student who later became this time, Gabi met his first wife, Rachel, a fellow archaeology student who later became
ti
or
th
his i
the hist
ter
Af
on to
more
rc
a
e
ha
h in
gica
l re
during during his introduction to the history of archaeological research in Jerusalem. After more than an expe rt Prof. Alan Millard – University of Liverpool (Emeritus) before. Numerous scattered fragments and inscriptions from the Roman and Byzantine periods
olo
se
o
f a
le
m.
y
J
c
e
rusa
r
ntroduc
n
a
The
in
n Mil
ritus)
ve. They had two children, Naama and Elad. After 28 years of marriage, y had two children, Naama and Elad. After 28 years of marriage,
Numis
–
an expert in Numismatics
d
.
Uni
E
of
e
iv
L
e
rpool (
rsit
m
y
Prof. Ala
matics
lar
The 28 articles are divided into 4 fields of research, representing Gabi's main areas of
st
n a
I
tt
st
e
20 yea 20 years of partnership, I can attest that this attitude is the essence of his interest in archaeology. Early Life they they eventuall were discovered and recorded.
e
a
rs
rc
c
of
in
olo
a
rtne
s
.
his
of
tt
a
e
a
that thi
e
p
re
ude
rship,
it
ssenc
int
h
is
a
e
gy
the
2
eventually separated. y separated.
interest: The Biblical World, Epigraphy, Iconography and Archaeology. The volume also
When Barkay is occasionally asked about the most significant find from the Temple Mount
When B a rka y is oc c a sio na ll y a ske d a bout the m ost sig nific a nt find fr om the T e mpl e Mount Gabriel Barkay seemed destined to be an archaeologist with a profound attachment to Prof. L aw r en ce M y k y t i u k – P urdu e Unive y e st L a f a y e tt e , I ndian a ( E mer it us) From 1978 to 1985, Barkay conducted extensive research on the archaeology of Northern and
, W
Prof. Lawrence Mykytiuk – Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (Emeritus)
rsit
includes an important paper that Gabi, himself, co-authored together with Deutsch,
Sifting Project, he usually responds that it is the people. "Seeing the excitement of a child who
Sifting P roje c t, he usua ll y r e sponds that it is the p e ople. " S e e ing th e e x c it e ment of a c hil d who Jerusalem, perhaps suggesting his archaeological intelligence was ingrained in his genes. The Western Jerusalem at the end of the Iron Age period. This research was part of his PhD
Lemaire, van der Veen and Yitzhak.
-
-
oin
is
sa
a
y
r
ll
ye
s
if
y
, wh
e
no
“
ll
A
2000
a
a
a
ha
t
a
B
rka
touche touches a 2000-year-old coin has no parallel," Barkay says. “After all, what is archaeology if only child of elderly Hungarian parents, he was born in 1944, the same day his mother entered Prof. Na da v N a ’ a man – T el Aviv Unive rsit y ( E m e ritus) dissertation at Tel Aviv University under the supervision of David Ussishkin. His dissertation
"
ra
s.
r
c
c
y
l,
ha
olog
fte
s
old
r
e
pa
a
3
Prof. Nadav Na’aman – Tel Aviv University (Emeritus)
not the link between pots and people?"
not the li nk be twe e n pots a nd pe ople? " the Budapest Ghetto. She had two precious things in her cart: a newborn baby and a 19th was exceptionally comprehensive, covering several topics, each of which could have stood
As time tends to advance in only one direction - the past is no more, the present is
de
a
y
y
of
b
onsi
rc
rka
Dr. Ba Dr. Barkay is considered by many to be one of the most knowledgeable scholars of archaeology century torah scroll, a family heirloom. This scroll was kept with Gabi and is in use today in Prof. S teve n M. Or ti z – L a ni e r Ce nte r f or A rc ha e olog y , L ipscomb Unive rs it y alone as a PhD dissertation. Besides compiling all data from archaeological works conducted
y
to
d
knowle
olar
olo
the
h
of
e
a
ble s
be
s
is
man
most
h
re
e
a
y
c
on
dge
g
c
Prof. Steven M. Ortiz – Lanier Center for Archaeology, Lipscomb University
evanescent, and the future is unknown - with this publication, we are hoping to freeze a
in the L a nd of I s ra e l, e spe c iall y in J e rusa lem. He ha s a phe nomen a l memor y fo r the the synagogue of his community in East Talpiot, Jerusalem. in these areas, it included a detailed survey (between the years 1974-1983) of Iron Age burial
in the Land of Israel, especially in Jerusalem. He has a phenomenal memory for the
moment in time as Gabriel Barkay deserves it.
c
e
ts
olo
s
a
re
hout
ounding
archae archaeological discoveries and artifacts uncovered throughout Israel and its surroundings. This Since he was six years old, Jerusalem has been his home. His fascination with the city is Prof. De nnis P a rde e – U niver sit y of Chic a g o tombs in Northern and Western Jerusalem. Barkay personally cleaned and documented some
s
s
nd a
a
l
s.
ra
g
e
ov
rie
throug
rtif
surr
discov
This
nd it
unc
l
d
I
a
e
ica
Prof. Dennis Pardee – University of Chicago
memory is perhaps so well-rooted because of his great interest not only in the artifacts and the
memor y is per ha ps so we ll - roote d be c a us e of h is gre a t i nter e st not onl y in t he a rtifa c ts and the reflected in his extensive knowledge of every aspect of it. Those who travel with Gabi on the previously unknown tombs. His report published the first map of all known Iron Age burial
Robert Deutsch and André Lemaire
people who used them in the past but also in those who uncovered them in the recent past.
people w ho use d them in the pa st but a lso i n thos e who unc ove r e d them in t he re c e nt past . streets of Jerusalem hear countless stories about every corner they pass. His passion for the city Prof. R onn y R e ich – Uni ve rsit y of Ha if a fields in Jerusalem and conducted the first study of the elaborate burial cave complexes at St.
Prof. Ronny Reich – University of Haifa
Various t y p e s of int e ll i ge nc e a re re c o g niz e d toda y , suc h a s lo g ica l, li n guist ic, e mot ional, is also mirrored in his personal life; he chose his second spouse, Esther, whose last name, Étienne, previously thought to be from the Roman Period.
Various types of intelligence are recognized today, such as logical, linguistic, emotional,
4
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music musical, etc. After a brief acquaintance with Gabi and observing the way he examines an fittingly, is Jerusalem. In 2018, his deep connection to the city was recognized when he received Dr. Alon S ha vit – I s ra e li I nsti tut e of A rc ha e olo g y
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n
Ga
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Dr. Alon Shavit – Israeli Institute of Archaeology
a
ll
his
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artifac artifact, his rapid understanding of it, and his immediate retrieval of similar parallels from his the Worthy Citizen of Jerusalem award (Yakir Yerushalayim). The dissertation also included the first extensive research on LMLK seal impressions and a full
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extraordinary memory and knowledge of the extensive archaeological literature, one should
Mr. Robert Silverman – Shalem College, Jerusalem
extraordina r y memor y a nd knowle d g e o f the e x tensive a r c ha e olog i c a l li ter a tur e , one shoul d As a ten-year-old, Barkay roamed the open fields of Jerusalem, collecting finds like coins and Mr. Robe rt S il ve rma n – S ha lem C oll e g e , J e rusa le m catalog of those discovered in Jerusalem. Additionally, it contained a significant study on 20
consider adding another type of intelligence – archaeological intelligence.
conside r a ddin g a noth e r t y p e o f inte ll ig e n c e – a rc h a e olo g ica l i ntelli ge nc e . pottery shards, always pondering the lives of the people who used them. His curiosity about mysterious earth-and-stone mounds in West Jerusalem, suggesting they were memorials for the
Prof. David Ussishkin – Tel Aviv University (Emeritus)
m
e
–
Gabi is one of the few remaining scholars from the past generation of archaeological giants.
Gabi is one of the f e w r e maining s c holar s fr om t he pa st g e n e ra ti on o f a r c ha e olo g ica l g iants. the stories behind these finds led him to "force his father" (as he described it) into buying him Prof. Da vid Ussi shki n ay Te f l Aviv Univer sit - y o ( E ah o n ritus) o f th e T em p le Mo u n t kings of Judah that incorporated a "great fire." In 1983, Barkay had the opportunity to excavate
5
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Gabriel Barkay (left) and Michael Avi-Yonah on a tour of the Temple Mount
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An arc An archaeologist with such a wide range of knowledge and interest is rare in this generation of books, sparking his lifelong passion for the field. (Photo: David Bibin, 1968) the tumulus at Rogem Ganim and discovered it was much larger than previously thought. The
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(Photo: David Bibin, 1968)
Dr. Pieter Gert van der Veen – Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
scientific spe c ializ a ti on. I t is now ne a rl y im possi ble to find a rc ha e olog ist s who c ould lec ture He joined the Israel Exploration Society at just ten years old, even paying the annual Dr. Piete r G e rt va n de r V e e n – J oha nne s Gute nbe r g - Unive rsität Ma inz most prolonged seasonal excavation Barkay participated in was at Lachish from 1973 to 1987,
scientific specialization. It is now nearly impossible to find archaeologists who could lecture
on Cha lcolit hic buria l c ustom s, the Etrusc a n c iv il iz a ti on, horse s in the Ir on A g e , He rodia n membership fee himself. At twelve, he attended the Society's annual conference at Ramat His pra c ti Dr. Stefan Jakob Wimmer – Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München l Y a din , wh o under the direction of David Ussishkin. Barkay supervised the excavation of a large
on Chalcolithic burial customs, the Etruscan civilization, horses in the Iron Age, Herodian
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His practical excavation training began at Megiddo, under the direction of Yigael Yadin, who
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archit e c tu re , th e C hurc h of the Hol y S e pulch re , Ottom a n rif l e s, a nd the li fe of Ed wa r d Rachel, which was tragically marred by a Jordanian soldiers' shooting that killed four attendees. was im pre ssed b y his skil ls a nd a ppoint e d him a s a n Ar e a S upe rvisor a ssi sta nt. I t wa s he r e that stratigraphic section on the western slope (Area S) of the Tel and also functioned as the deputy
architecture, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Ottoman rifles, and the life of Edward
was impressed by his skills and appointed him as an Area Supervisor assistant. It was here that
invi
ted
y
who
he met David Ussishkin, who later invited Barkay to join him on a survey of the Iron Age burial
Robinson.
r
Robins on. Throughout his school vacations, he participated in numerous field trips, read extensively, and he met Da Prof. Ran Zadok – Tel Aviv University to joi n him on a surve y of the I r on A g e buria l director of the excavation, managing the students (which in some seasons reached 200
late
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Prof. R
viv Univer
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began guiding tourists around Mount Zion as a knowledgeable teenager. caves caves at the Silwan village. This survey, which took place during the years 1968-1970, led to
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Barka Barkay has served as area supervisor or major assistant in many significant and unique As an only child, Barkay was exempted from serving as a combatant in the army and instead the disc ove ion o Ze vit y – p r e vious l y unknown of J e rusa le m , a n inscr ipt ion, an d for the fir st t im e ,
nt
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the discovery of many previously unknown burial tombs, an inscription, and for the first time,
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Prof. Ziony Zevit – Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Prof. Z
e
excavations, such as Susa (Iran), the Silwan Village survey, Tel Be'er Sheva, Tel Massos,
the entire necropolis was mapped.
excava ti ons, suc h a s S usa ( I r a n), th e S il wa n V il lage surve y , T e l B e 'e r S he va , T e l Ma s sos, served as a quartermaster. His personality also doesn't fit well with the military system. the entire necropolis was mapped. 1 1
Lachish, T e l Z a y t, a nd m ore . H e dir e c ted or c o - di re c ted se ve ra l majo r proj e c ts, includin g the According to his own words, he could not tolerate being ordered around by someone solely Barka Barkay completed his bachelor's degree with honors and began his master's degree at the same 2 G. Barkay, et al. (1974). "Archaeological Survey in the Northern Bashan: (Preliminary Report)". Israel
Lachish, Tel Zayt, and more. He directed or co-directed several major projects, including the
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Dr. Irit Ziffer – Formerly Eretz Israel Museum, Tel Aviv
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Basha Bashan Survey (southern Syria), the Survey of Iron Age Burial Caves in Jerusalem, Rogem due to their rank, rather than their knowledge or intelligence. This non-combatant role allowed univer university, intending to specialize in Early Islamic pottery under the supervision of Miriam Exploration Journal 24. pp. 173-184.
Age
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3
G. Barkay (1985). Northern and Western Jerusalem in the End of the Iron Age. Ph.D. dissertation. Tel Aviv
(Tumulus) Ganim, Ramat Rachel, Ketef Hinnom, Kiriath-Jearim, and the Temple Mount
(Tumul us) Ga nim , R a m a t R a c he l, Ke t e f Hinno m, Kiria th - J e a rim, a nd the T e mpl e Mount him to enroll in evening classes for tourist guides, eventually earning his tour guide license. Rozen Rozen-Ayalon. She invited him to join her on an expedition at Susa in Iran, led by Jean Perrot. University.
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Prof. Boaz Zissu – Bar Ilan University
r
a
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iss
Sifting P roje c t. H e ha s a uthore d or c o - a uthor e d more than 200 publi c a ti ons, e dit e d ove r 100 After his military service, Barkay worked extensively as a tour guide with several 4 G. Barkay and A. Kloner (1986). "Jerusalem Tombs from the Days of the First Temple", Biblical Archaeology
Sifting Project. He has authored or co-authored more than 200 publications, edited over 100
B
Unive
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,
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1000 students
r
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public publications, and taught over 1000 students at Tel Aviv University, Bar-Ilan University, organizations, a job that not only fueled his passion but also helped him support his mother 1 1 Review 12.2. pp. 22-39.
lan
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G. Barkay (2003). "Mounds of Mystery". Biblical Archaeology Review 29(3) 32-39.
5
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D. Uss
D. Ussishkin (1993, Hebrew edition - 1983). The Village of Silwan, The Necropolis from the Period of the
ed
in
Heb
h
1993
na
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nter
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Jerusa Jerusalem University College, Rothberg International School at the Hebrew University, and after his father's death during Gabi’s army service. Judean Judean Kingdom. Jerusalem. n - 1983 ) . T h e V illa g e o f S ilw a n , Th e N ec r o p o lis fr o m th e P erio d o f th e
g
Unive
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.
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.
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K
ale
XI XIII
