Page 3 - Step and repeat document 1

a
nd
incor
Ah
g
y
both Yadin and Aharoni turned out to be incorrect. He also suggested identifying the site with
a
re
sit
e
sugg
5. The first evidence for fiscal clay sealings from controlled archaeological work,
f

in
sted
with
a
din
to
c
roni
the
e
17

jar
ppe
a

a
which became a second home for him. The college has provided storage space for the finds
the pla
LK
the place named MMST that appears on the LMLK jar handles.
rs on the
shedding light on the taxation system in Judah during the First Temple period.
T
c
that a
n
ndles.
e
L

ha
ti
ka
c
a
a
t
T
r
ted
lva
s
x
Unive
e
dir
a
on B
y
a
y
e
y
e
a
rs
The last excavation Barkay directed during his years at Tel Aviv University was a salvage

e
his
rin
e
va
r
du
wa
l
from Ketef Hinnom, hosted his 60th birthday party, and also awarded him the rank of professor,
6. Locating the biblical place 'Gan Uza,' where the kings of Judah who were not buried in
sit
a
The last
g
g

the fir
Kiri
y
r
of
in
excavation at Kiriyath-Jearim in 1995 under the auspices of the École Biblique. It was the first
spice
the tombs of the House of David were interred, at the traditional structure known today
unde
th
rim
t
ique.
ti
s
e
the a
-
a
t
s
a
wa
ole B
I
the Éc
excava
ibl
st
a title he should have received many years earlier at Tel Aviv University. Many of his students
u
1995
18
c
a
s
the
ntl
T
l
fr
e
excava
g
r
b
e
on a
om
A
t
a
a
whic
a

,

ti
at the college volunteered in the excavations he directed and wrote dissertations under his
e
wa
h
excavation at the site, which was recently excavated again by a joint team from Tel Aviv
e
sit
ted
in
nt
va
x
tea
as David's Tomb on Mt. Zion.
19
r
University and Collège de France. The excavation found that the site had been occupied since
va
n oc
nd C
found
g
nc
oll
e
Th
that the
è
on
e
sit
a
d be
rsit
supervision. Barkay has also taught many courses at other institutions and supervised Master's
.
e
y
e
a
x
F
ha
Unive
c
ti
c
7. Identification of biblical Nob at the French hill.
upi
e
e
d since
e
Gabriel
buil
pe
c
of
thi
riod
e
re
c
n ti
the Neolithic period until modern times. He uncovered remains of an Iron Age II building with
g

He
on
mes.
and Doctorate dissertations as an external supervisor.
e
g
A
with
the Ne
oli
a
moder
re
un
unti
II
mains
din
n
I
d
11
11
a destruction layer that probably dates to the 8th century.
He had the reputation of being a strict and punctual supervisor. He earned this reputation due
he has been suffering from a serious illness that limits his mobility and energy. However, he
a destruction layer that probably dates to the 8th century.
has not given up on publishing some of this work with the help of research assistants. A
to his extensive knowledge, which made him a very critical scholar. Sitting next to Gabi at

Tell this Man the Meaning of his Vision
academic conferences and hearing all his remarks about relevant archaeological data that the
e
noteworthy piece of research, which he has been conducting for many years and will be

r
Teaching Career
in
e
Teach
g Car
published in a forthcoming book, is about the Book of Songs of Songs from an archaeological
wa
1970, he
Since the beginning of Barkay's studies at Tel Aviv University in 1970, he was appointed as a
Since the
in
a
s

be
g
's
ppoint

B
t
s
e
e
a
l
rka
n
a
Unive
g
studi
viv
y
a
s
inni
speaker forgot to mention is an experience in itself.
A
of
rsit
T

a
r
r
ght
, a

c
dipl
t
ial pro
lecture
c
e

c
omatic
lecturer. Initially, he taught a special program for the spouses of the diplomatic corp, and since
g
nd sin
spouses
for
he
a
spe
, he
orp
and historical perspective. In this research, Barkay brings to light evidence that the book was
nit
the
of
m
iall
y
a
I
.
t
n tea
Temple Mount
students
hing
1972, he has been teaching students at the institute. Some of his students have become well-
ll
of
be
1972, he
be
c
s
e
we
ve
ute.
his
S
c
t
ome
ome
inst
students
originally composed during the Iron Age IIA.
ha

a
e
a
e
c
e
s.
l
i
the
rt
a
A major change in Gabi's life, and in mine, occurred in 1999, when I was a third-year
olo
hud
g
l,
a
Ad
known archaeologists. Among them were the late Adam Zertal, Mordechai Aviam, Yehuda
A
mong
ist
rc
An additional forthcoming publication is about the biblical laws of the stranger, the fatherless,
Z
Morde
te
re
them we
h
m
known
a
A
Y
viam,
h
a

a
he
and the widow in light of ancient Hebrew inscriptions from Jerusalem and its surroundings.
inkelst
F
J
a
hin
nd
l

sra
a
e
I
g
c
ga
Dagan,
n 1975,
b
lem
e
I
e
rusa
e
n tea
in.
Dagan, and Israel Finkelstein. In 1975, he also began teaching at Jerusalem University College
Unive
oll
ge
Archaeology student at Bar-Ilan University. Together with my friend and classmate, Aran
rsit
y
C
along with his other duties.
s.
along with hi

he
s ot

r dutie
Yardeni, we conducted a brief survey of the debris that had been destructively and illegally
excavated at the Temple Mount by the Muslim Awaqf, and dumped in the Kidron Valley. We
y
a
rs o

nsti
rom
viv Uni
I
27
e
T
r
ve
e
A
y
fte
l
tea
tut
g
hin
In 1997, a
ssed f
of
a
smi
e
w
Summary
In 1997, after 27 years of teaching, he was dismissed from the Tel Aviv University Institute of
s di
y
e
To sum up, Gabriel Barkay can certainly be ranked among the "giants" of archaeology in
s
Archaeology staff on the grounds of teaching incompetence. This was despite the fact that he
e
the
wa
Archa
olog
s
e
d
s
of
t
round
that he
ompete
e
c
hin
g
needed help identifying and dating the small broken artifacts we had collected. After presenting
a
inc
.
f
f
st
This
a
e
g
c
t
on the
nc
fa
pit
e
v
ga
nio
t
c
a
ng
hi
His
ture
n won
.
i
e
c
e
d e
r
d ha
was a senior lecturer and had even won the Yigal Alon Prize for teaching excellence. His
e
e
n
ll
e
Alon P
e

x
l
a
nc
r
was a
the

them to three senior lecturers at the university, we realized we needed better expertise.
riz
c
Y
Jerusalem and Israel. His place in this esteemed group is not only due to his extensive
for
le
oc
lon
f
mber
s
man
urr
r
dir
s
knowledge, numerous publications, and discoveries but also because of his tireless efforts to
a
take
gside
l
dismiss
staf
n
e
dismissal occurred alongside many other staff members when a new direction was taken at the
whe
We had little personal acquaintance, besides attending his class. We held much awe for him
n
the
e
y
on wa
w
othe
a
t
c
e
d a

me
n a
ti
c
Barkay guiding a group of archaeologists visiting the Temple Mount Sifting Project laboratory
r
o
r
is
o
o
to
u
v

g
lo
g

in
r
ae
id
u
a
Barkay
g
g
Barkay guiding a group of archaeologists visiting the Temple Mount Sifting Project laboratory
a
t la
ts
n
ch

o
l
g
in
t
Mo
e
f
ar
f
h
em
it
is
p
P
p
o
j

short t
n
c
y
y
F
bring this heritage to the public through teaching, lecturing, and media appearances. Barkay
a
l
e
rka
and were shy about addressing him on the issue. Eventually, we overcame our reservations and
Gu
a
-
rion
d a
in
institute.

e
Unive
e
B
1997, B
tur
im
wa
or
e
rsit
institute. For a short time in 1997, Barkay lectured at Ben-Gurion University, and he was
g
Mo
le
r
(Photo:
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
f

P
em

p
u
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
t Si
n
T
ppoint
y
a
e
re
r
-
tu
a
a
t
B
gave him a call on a Friday noon. To our great surprise, he told us we could come and meet
r
lec
d a
s
e
ince
rsit
a
nior
Ila
n Unive
2008, h
se
y
(1998
201
eventuall
believes that archaeology serves as a vital link between the past and the present, and he
-
1).

S
eventually appointed as a senior lecturer at Bar-Ilan University (1998-2011). Since 2008, he

embodies this principle through his actions. Even today, despite his severe illness, he does not
iver
bre
him at his home right away. I will never forget his excitement when we came over and presented
g
t t
l
c
a
othber
rna
c
g
n
sit
ti
w U
e
hin
R
h
also bega
ona
y
e
.

n tea

also began teaching at the Rothberg International School at the Hebrew University.
I
nte
hool at the H
Other Significant Publications
Other Significant Publications
Other Significant Publications
the dirty material on his dining table, and I will never forget his ability to identify and date
refuse an invitation to speak, whether it be via an online video broadcast or in person, despite

Gabi's publications vary and include many innovative ideas and proposals that are not
Gabi's publications vary and include many innovative ideas and proposals that are not
Gabi's publications vary and include many innovative ideas and proposals that are not
his difficulties in traveling.
almost all of the artifacts. Instead of criticizing us for conducting an archaeological survey
necessarily associated with the excavations he has been involved in. His research usually
necessarily associated with the excavations he has been involved in. His research usually
necessarily associated with the excavations he has been involved in. His research usually
On his 80th birthday, we wish Professor Gabriel Barkay good health, strength, and happiness
without an official license, which also allegedly had little archaeological value (as many
adopts a maximalist approach on issues such as the size of First Temple Period Jerusalem, or
adopts a maximalist approach on issues such as the size of First Temple Period Jerusalem, or
adopts a maximalist approach on issues such as the size of First Temple Period Jerusalem, or
in all aspects of his life. We express our deep gratitude for his significant contributions to the
archaeologists thought at the time), he was thrilled to inspect the artifacts and praised us by
the historical core of the biblical narrative, and he presents it in a very convincing manner.
the historical core of the biblical narrative, and he presents it in a very convincing manner.
the historical core of the biblical narrative, and he presents it in a very convincing manner.
quoting the Mishna, Tractate Avot 2:5: "In a place where there are no men, strive to be a man."
heritage of Jerusalem and the Land of Israel.
Below are some selected subjects that represent his innovative research attitude and creative
Below are some selected subjects that represent his innovative research attitude and creative
Below are some selected subjects that represent his innovative research attitude and creative
Following this, Barkay and others established the Committee for the Prevention of Destruction
thought:
thought:
thought:
of Antiquities on the Temple Mount. This committee is a group of archaeologists, intellectuals,
1. The first attempt to reconstruct the size of Iron Age Jerusalem based on burial data.
13
1. The first attempt to reconstruct the size of Iron Age Jerusalem based on burial data.
1. The first attempt to reconstruct the size of Iron Age Jerusalem based on burial data.
and other prominent individuals in Israeli society who act to prevent further destruction of
to a
on of
of

e
it
med
I
ti
loca
2. Relocation of the biblical place named Ir-David from the summit of the hill ridge to a
r
hil
summ
ica
l
2. Re
plac
Da
bibl
vid fr
the
na
l ridg
e
om the
2. Relocation of the biblical place named Ir-David from the summit of the hill ridge to a
antiquities at the Temple Mount. Barkay and the late Eilat Mazar were the prominent
14
southern and lower area.
14
southern and lower area.
southern and lower area.
14
archaeologists in the committee, which was very active in the years 2000-2012 and conducted
ument of
a
nti
3. Id
s
g
e
3. Identification of the monument of Yad Avshalom as the tomb of King Herod Agrippa
r
d
the

on of
a
fic
rippa
ti

He
the
mon
Kin
tom
Y
g
a
3. Identification of the monument of Yad Avshalom as the tomb of King Herod Agrippa
many meetings with senior officials and politicians, filed several petitions to the Supreme
15
15
I.
I.
15
I.
Court, and brought to the media's attention many incidents of antiquities destruction that
4. The possibility of a Late Bronze Age Egyptian temple that stood north of the City.
4. The possibility of a Late Bronze Age Egyptian temple that stood north of the City.
occurred on the Temple Mount.
4. The possibility of a Late Bronze Age Egyptian temple that stood north of the City.
16
Their actions gradually became fruitful, as the public and government officials became more

and more aware of the importance of preserving the antiquities of the Temple Mount, which

n
o
er
Teaching at the Rothberg International School at the Hebrew University
o
g
R
s
it
i
Heb
Teachin
e
at
n
n
r
g
atio
er
v
e
Sch
y

al

w
h
h
t th
I
ter

b
l a
t
Un
t
e
even led the State Comptroller to conduct an extensive inquiry on the issue, and as for today,
13
te.
3
See no
13
See note. 3.
.

(Photo: Kate Brooks)
o
(Photo: K
ate
B
r
o

s

)
14
G. B
14
13 G. Barkay (2006). "City of David – A Glossary of Terms". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of arkay (2006). "City of David – A Glossary of Terms". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of
17
G. Barkay (2015). "Evidence of the Taxation System of the Judean Kingdom - A Fiscal Bulla from the Slopes
See note. 3.
no construction or renovation takes place on the Temple Mount without the approval and
Ancien
14 Ancient Jerusalem 1. pp. 7-19. Jerusalem. (Hebrew) t Jerusalem 1. pp. 7-19. Jerusalem. (Hebrew)
G. Barkay (2006). "City of David – A Glossary of Terms". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of
of the Temple Mount and the Phenomenon of Fiscal Bullae". in: M. Lubetski and E. Lubetski (Eds.). Recording
supervision of the Israel Antiquity Authority and some other authorities
.
tu
Me
in
N
n
o
15
G. Bar
T
T
ity
s
(
.
m
d
o
ed
3
h
1
's
b
:
f
2
u
ir
)
0
e

"
n
m
b
A
w

a
h
A
s
G. Barkay (2013). "Absalom's Tomb: New Thoughts". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of Ancient
g
.
:
.
f D
o
E
t
(
C
15

k
ay
alo
"

New Epigraphic Evidence: Essays in Honor of Robert Deutsch. Jerusalem. pp 17-50.
Ancient Jerusalem 1. pp. 7-19. Jerusalem. (Hebrew)
15 Jerusalem 8. pp. 79-99. Jerusalem. (Hebrew) 8. pp. 79-99. Jerusalem. (Hebrew)
Jerusalem

G. Barkay (1977). "Towards the problem of locating the Tombs of the last Kings of the House of David". In
G. Barkay (2013). "Absalom's Tomb: New Thoughts". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of Ancient
18
n
i
s

e

e

z
.
J
A
I
a
g
e
16
r
B
r
on
er
n
?
16
u
p
a
y
le
Jo
n
n
(
T
lo
a
r
em
)
xp
2
G. Barkay (1996). "A Late Bronze Age Egyptian Temple in Jerusalem?". Israel Exploration Journal 46(1/2).
tio
1996)
E
gy
L
"
A
r
a
E
G. Bark
a
t
pt
u
46(
ia
l

.
tal
i
m
n
an
M. Broshi (ed.). Between Hermon and Sinai. Jerusalem. pp. 75-92 (Hebrew).
J
ar
2
11
i
1
0
el
‘
-
A
C. Mc
(
tz,
u
G.
“
n
.
O.
Kir
n
,
y
iath
8
w
h
C. McKinny, O. Schwartz, G. Barkay, A. Fantalkin, and B. Zissu (2018). “Kiriath-Jearim (Deir el-‘Azhar):
Kin
Sc
)
A
(
B
ar
,

ea
)
Fa
k
d
:
r
.

,
is
11
B
z
h
ar
k
.
ay
s
Deir
Z
Jerusalem 8. pp. 79-99. Jerusalem. (Hebrew)

pp. 23-
16 pp. 23-43. 43.
el
Jo
u
a
o
tio
r
C
u

tr
”.
y
n
s
r
I
n
n
pp
u
a
xp
r

e
J
lo
l
an
Hill
a
e

68.
E
d
o
f
a
tio
n

B
w
n
i
ib
lical
o
a
Archaeological Investigations of a Biblical Town in the Judean Hill Country”. Israel Exploration Journal 68. pp
o
lo
19
G. Barkay (2018). "Towards the identification of Nob: a biblical priestly town", Eretz Israel: archaeological,
Archae
g
v
es
tig
ical
I
n
th
n
G. Barkay (1996). "A Late Bronze Age Egyptian Temple in Jerusalem?". Israel Exploration Journal 46(1/2).

30-49.
historical and geographical studies 33, pp. 130-131.
30-49.
pp. 23-43.
XX
XVI
A g n - vsha T ti lom ale e o m j ec " t u ) ) n . s t Si el ti o b of r vid ec S the b ies o od y A cie 1/ n 16 t 13 . 16 13 There are many more studies that Barkay has not yet published, and unfortunately, since 2020, both Y se on a c med MMS e u J d s l f turne c a y d out , h T e e a e c be the y lso M it ov t. S He k o a a t lso the A t y viv joi - r identi ha m rsit , a s nd he d a e viv - s

membe rs) a nd their e nr ichme nt pro g ra ms. B a rk a y a uthor e d se v e ra l c ha pter s in the fina l Deuteronomy (7:9), which makes the whole discovery even more significant since it has
members) and their enrichment programs. Barkay authored several chapters in the final
9
publication and published additional papers about finds from the excavation. 6 6 implications for the biblical research Documentary Hypothesis.
publication and published additional papers about finds from the excavation.

The Ketef Hinnom excavation also yielded rich and rare finds from many other periods of
Jerusalem, such as several rifles from the Ottoman period, an extremely rare 4th-century CE
coin minted in the Kingdom of Axum in Ethiopia, remains of a Byzantine church (probably the
Gabriel "Church of St. George Extramuros" (outside of the walls)), the first Roman soldiers' cremation
discovered in Jerusalem, burials from the Second Temple period, and many other small finds,
Tell this Man the Meaning of his Vision (Daniel, 8:16) especially jewelry, from all the periods the site was occupied. It is also noteworthy to mention
that this excavation Israeli archaeology encountered the fiercest clash with extreme ultra-
orthodox groups that oppose excavations of ancient burials by archaeologists.

Studies in Archaeology, Epigraphy, Iconography
and the Biblical World in Honor of Gabriel Barkay

Barkay sorting small artifacts at the Temple Mount Sifting Project Barkay Barkay inspecting an Iron Age Jerusalem burial cave
th
u

n I
o
s
in
m
ge
p
b
J

ec
ial ca
r
tin
A
n
g
us
a
r
e
l
e
e
a
v
r

(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour On the Occasion of his 80 Birthday (22 June 2024)
(Image(s) courtesy of www.HolyLandPhotos.org)
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour Barkay sorting small artifacts at the Temple Mount Sifting Project (Image(s) courtesy of www.HolyLandPhotos.org)
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour

(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum)
(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum) (Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum)
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour This project could not have been formed without Dr. Barkay. Only a scholar of his type would

a
c
t
hish,
be
a
ga
La
n the
1975, B
e
ti
wor
y

on that would g
his
c
rka
a
side
va
x
k a
in
him
in
Barkay sorting small artifacts at the Temple Mount Sifting Project Along Alongside his work at Lachish, in 1975, Barkay began the excavation that would gain him

In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris
(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum)
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
worldwide publicity at "Ketef Hinnom." The Rothschild Foundation planned to construct a
In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris have been able to deal with such a variety of material and periods, especially when it appears worldwide publi c it y a t "Ke tef Hinnom." Th e R othschil d F ounda ti on planne d to c onst ruc t a
This project could not have been formed without Dr. Barkay. Only a scholar of his type would
In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris
Barkay guiding a group on a Temple Mount tour
removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally received the permit and established mainly as small fragmented artifacts. Archaeology nowadays has formed into a science of 7 7

building on the site, and a salvage excavation was required prior the construction. The The
removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally have been able to deal with such a variety of material and periods, especially when it appears building on the site, and a salvage excavation was required prior the construction.
(Photo: Tal Rozenbaum) received the permit and established
removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally received the permit and established
In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris This project could not have been formed without Dr. Barkay. Only a scholar of his type would
expertise, and archaeologists hardly know anything about material culture which is not their
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of
excavation took place over about seven seasons sporadically until 1994, uncovering seven
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of mainly as small fragmented artifacts. Archaeology nowadays has formed into a science of excava ti on took plac e o ve r a bout s e ve n s e a sons spora dica ll y unti l 1994, unc ove rin g s e ve n
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of

removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally received the permit and established have been able to deal with such a variety of material and periods, especially when it appears
expertise. Only an old-school archaeologist with extensive knowledge and openness to new
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of
burial caves dating to the end of the First Temple Period. Among these was a burial system Among these was a burial system
In 2001, I collaborated with Gabi in obtaining a permit to conduct an official study of the debris expertise, and archaeologists hardly know anything about material culture which is not their burial caves dating to the end of the First Temple Period. 8 8
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of mainly as small fragmented artifacts. Archaeology nowadays has formed into a science of
approaches and methods would have been able to cope with material such as that found in the
Edited by
d re
a
untouche
disc
l in J
rusa
ove
n
pos
on
lem
e
re
g
s

e
with a
or
onl
r

,
the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than
y
d
y
buri
the
I

ll
A
it
it
removed from the Temple Mount, and in 2004 we finally received the permit and established expertise. Only an old-school archaeologist with extensive knowledge and openness to new with a with an untouched repository, the only Iron Age burial in Jerusalem discovered with all its
the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than
the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of expertise, and archaeologists hardly know anything about material culture which is not their
Temple Mount Sifting Project.
the Temple Mount Sifting Project. We thought it would last several months with the help of approaches and methods would have been able to cope with material such as that found in the contents in sit u , a nd a mong one o f the ric h e st in a ll I sr a e l. I t c ontain e d ove r one thous a nd it e ms
contents in situ, and among one of the richest in all Israel. It contained over one thousand items
250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history
Robert Deutsch and André Lemaire
250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history
250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history
the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than expertise. Only an old-school archaeologist with extensive knowledge and openness to new

and at least 95 individuals. It included 263 complete vessels, arrowheads, other metal objects,
some archaeology students and volunteers, but eventually, after realizing the great potential of Temple Mount Sifting Project. and at lea st 95 indi vidual s. I t includ e d 263 c ompl e te ve ssels, a r row he a ds, ot he r meta l obje c ts,
of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and
of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and
of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and

250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history approaches and methods would have been able to cope with material such as that found in the
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the wet sifting technique and its educational value, it became a lifetime project. More than bone a bone and ivory objects, inlay pieces, a hoard of jewelry items, glass vessels, alabaster vessels,
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,

of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and Temple Mount Sifting Project.
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250,000 people have participated in the project, an unprecedented phenomenon in the history a silve a silver signet ring, an ancient Hebrew seal, and many more rare finds.
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds,
The most significant finds were the two famous silver amulets, which are among the most
of archaeological research. This project combined several aspects of Barkay's best interests and The most sig nific a nt finds we re the two fa mous sil ve r a mul e ts, whic h a re a mon g the most
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem.
important archaeological discoveries shedding light on the Bible. The amulets were discovered
qualities: instruction to the general public, the great variety of artifacts and periods, small finds, importa nt a rc ha e olo g ic a l discove rie s she ddin g li g h t on the B ibl e . The a mul e ts we re discove r e d
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount
in 1979 but were only deciphered in 1986 after they had been opened in the Israel Museum
interest in people, and finally the love for Jerusalem. Manuscript editing: Pamela Meron in 1979 but we re onl y d e c ipher e d in 1986 a fte r t he y ha d b e e n ope ne d in the I sra e l Museum
them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables
them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables
them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from
labs. The text on the amulets amazed the scholarly world of biblical archaeology since they
This project is the first time that archaeological data has been retrieved from the Temple Mount labs. The tex t on the a mul e ts a maz e d the sc holar l y wor ld of bibl ica l a rc h a e olo g y since the y
advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and
advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and
advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and
them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables Barkay at one of the burials at Ketef Hinnom

included the priestly benediction verses from Numbers 6: 24:27. These are the earliest
earth, and although the finds were not revealed in-situ, much information can be studied from include d the p rie stl y be ne diction ve rs e s f rom Numbe rs 6: 24 :2 7 . The se a r e the e a rlie st (Courtesy of the Ketef Hinnom excavation)
kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,
kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,
kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,
advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and
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Gabriel Barkay, 2012
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them since we know they come from the Temple Mount and the large quantity of finds enables appea appearances of biblical verses known today and indicate that during the Iron Age II there was
and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,
and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,
and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,
kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task,

(Photo by Robert Deutsch)
)

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advanced statistical analysis. Half a million finds from 120 categories have been retrieved and a prac a practice of wearing apotropaic text on the body. In 1984, Barkay had the privilege to excavate the prominent site of Ramat Rachel which was
some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,
(Photo by 12
12
some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,
12
some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,
and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries,

kept in our storages so far. The analysis and publication process of this material is a huge task, With the he lp of a ddit i ona l sc holar s, in 2004, fur ther tex t wa s re a d a nd identifie d using the focus of a controversy between Yigael Yadin and Yochanan Aharoni. The former dated the
With the help of additional scholars, in 2004, further text was read and identified using
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
12
some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury,
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
innovative photography techniques and digital imaging. The new text included a verse from

and we've been working on it for more than a decade. The project has yielded many discoveries, innovative photogra ph y t e c hniques a nd di g it a l im a g in g . Th e n e w tex t incl ude d a ve rs e f rom site to Athaliah, the queen of Judah in the 9th century BCE, while the latter identified it with a
evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,
evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts,
evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,
12
some of which have already been published, such as: evidence for the First Temple treasury, palace built in the 6th century BCE by King Jehoiakim. Barkay found under the palace LMLK
evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk
evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk

evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period,
evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk
reconstruction of the Opus Sectile floor patterns that decorated Herod's Temple courts, jar handles which date the earlier phase to the 8th century BCE, and suggested it was
period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel

period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel
evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk

period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel
evidence that the Temple Mount was occupied to some extent during the Byzantine Period, reconstructed shortly afterward, perhaps at the time of King Hezekiah or Manasseh. Thus,
excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First
10
excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First
Tel-Aviv, Israel
period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel Barkay guiding a group of visitors to the Temple Mount Sifting Project 6 See fo 6 See for example: G. Barkay and D. Ussishkin. (2004). "The Late Bronze Age Strata". In: Ussishkin, D (Ed.).
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evidence that the eastern section of the Temple Mount served as a dump site since the Mamluk The Ren ewed A r ch a e o lo g ica l E xc a va tio n s a t La c h is h ( 1 9 7 3 - 1994) I , 2 . T e l A vi v U n i ve r s i t y . p p . 31 6 - 41 1; G .
Temple period.
Temple period.
The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) I,2. Tel Aviv University. pp. 316-411; G.
excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First Archaeological Center Publications
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
Temple period.
period, and evidence that the Iron Age pottery from the TMSP is similar to that in the Ophel Barkay guiding a group of visitors to the Temple Mount Sifting Project Barkay Barkay (1996). "A Balance Beam from Tel Lachish". Tel Aviv 23,1. pp. 75-82.

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excavation, which indicates that both areas were part of the Royal Compound during the First (Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project) G. Barkay, et. Al. (2004). "The Amulets from Ketef Hinnom: A New Edition and Evaluation". Bulletin of the

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Barkay guiding a group of visitors to the Temple Mount Sifting Project 8 In the 8 In the years 1975-1976, 1979-1980, 1988-1989, 1994 and 1996. See: G. Barkay. (2009). "The Riches of Ketef American Schools of Oriental Research (334). pp. 41-71.

Temple period. Hinnom " . B ib lica l A r ch a e o lo g y R ev iew 35( 4/ 5 ) . pp . 23 - 35 , 12 2 - 126. 10 G. Barkay (2006). "Royal Palace, Royal Portrait?: The Tantalizing Possibilities of Ramat Raḥel". Biblical
Hinnom". Biblical Archaeology Review 35(4/5). pp. 23-35, 122-126.

12 See list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading (Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project) Archaeology Review 32(5). pp. 34-44.
list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading
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12 See list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading

12
See list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading

12 See list of publication at project's website: tmsifting.org/en/further-reading XIV
XVIII