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PART II – EPIGRAPHY AND ICONOGRAPHY d several chapters in the final
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The Northeastern Burial Field at Tel ‘Eton nt since it has
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a
6
9
6
and Eyal Baruch the biblical research Documentary Hypothesis.
c
impli
publication and published additional papers about finds from the excavation.
ions for
t
publication and published additional papers about finds from the excavation.
e
utsch
The Ketef Hinnom excavation also yielded rich and rare finds from many other periods of
,
2:1 Robe
The Bulla of “Shema, Servant of Jeroboam” An
2:1 Robert Deutsch, The Bulla of “Shema, Servant of Jeroboam” An
rt D
Andre Lemaire,
,
Andre
136
e
Embarrassing Forgery
m
Embarrassing Forgery
Jerusalem, such as several rifles from the Ottoman period, an extremely rare 4th-c
ire
L
a
526
The Well in the Northeast Corner of Tel Lachish entury CE
3:3 Yosef Garfinkel,
136
Gabrie
coin minted in the Kingdom of Axum in Ethiopia, remains of a Byzantine church (probably the
l B
,
a
Gabriel Barkay,
rk
y
a
Muslim Burial Practice in Light of the Findings
e
r V
rt va
Pieter G
3:4 Alon Shavit
e
n d
n
e
e
"Church of St. George Extramuros" (outside of the walls)), the first Roman soldiers' cremation
Pieter Gert van der Veen
tz
of the Excavation at the Mamilla Cemetery in r small finds,
I
vid
k
ha
and David Itzhak
and Da
discovered in Jerusalem, burials from the Second Temple period, and many othe
Jerusalem
especially jewelry, from all the periods the site was occupied. It is also notewor
545
r F
ntalkin
Two Persian Period Aramaic Inscriptions from
2:2 Ale
nde
2:2 Alexander Fantalkin Two Persian Period Aramaic Inscriptions from
that this excavation Israeli archaeology encountered the fiercest clash with extreme ultra-
a
a
Yavneh Yam
and Andr
e
150
3:5 David Ussishkin
e
é
and André Lemaire Yavneh Yam
orthodox groups that oppose excavations of ancient burials by archaeologists.
On the Fortifications of Betar, Bar-Kochba’s
L
150
mair
Last Stronghold
571
2:3 Micha
isi
a
ted
n
bre
He
Ostracon R
w
ae
A Palimpse
A Palimpsest Palaeo-Hebrew Ostracon Revisited 158
s
158
2:3 Michael Langlois
e
o
v
l L
g
e
st Pal
loi
-
and Andr
and André Lemaire
e
e
mair
L
é
3:6 Boaz Zissu
A Rock-Cut Tomb at Iyyei Nahash in the Judean
Shephelah
583
2:4 André Lemaire
y
l Dan Stele
Aramaic
and T
Dual in Earl
e
L
é
e
Dual in Early Aramaic and Tel Dan Stele
mair
170
170
2:4 Andr
e
us
ec
g
m
a
l
s
e
tin
in
p
Barkay inspecting an Iron Age Jerusalem burial cave
Barkay
ial ca
n I
r
A
a
e
ge
o
r
v
r
u
e
b
J
n
(Image(s) courtesy of www.HolyLandPhotos.org)
(Image(s) courtesy of www.HolyLandPhotos.org)
e
it
tl
s
CONTRIBUTORS
Scrolls – Little or Large
Mil
–
or L
a
L
185
185
d
lar
2:5 Alan Millard
rge
2:5 Alan
Scroll
his work at Lachish, in 1975, Barkay began the excavation that would gain him
Along
Alongside his work at Lachish, in 1975, Barkay began the excavation that would gain him side
2:6 Lawrence J. Mykytiuk Inscriptions that Confirm 16 Hebrew Kings:
y
e
c
y
2:6 La
uk
. M
J
Prof. Rami Arav – University of Nebraska at Omaha (Emeritus)
n
ti
re
y
it
k at "Ketef Hinnom." The Rothschild Foundation planned to construct a "Ketef Hinnom." The Rothschild Foundation planned to
worldwide publi
Inscriptions that Confirm 16 Hebrew Kings: construct a
a
c
worldwide publicity
t
ntages
A Thumbnail Hist
rc
e
ory
urrent Pe
,
A Thumbnail History and Current Percentages 191 The
ti
x
sa
e
sit
building on the site, and a salvage excavation was
n
a
va
e
on the
lvage
a
d a
building
c
191 The
on wa
and C required prior the construction.required prior the construction.
s
7
Dr. Gabriel Barkay – Formerly Bar Ilan University
excavation took place over about seven seasons sporadically until 1994, uncovering seven vation took place over about seven seasons sporadically until 1994, uncovering seven
exca
ign i
ars of
Hezek
iah’s Y
he
ight
of t
e
Hezekiah’s Years of Reign in Light of the
’a
man
8
v Na
2:7 Nadav Na’aman
2:7 Na
da
8
a
ve
g
e
to
th
e
burial
burial caves dating to the end of the First Temple Period.
F
P
irst
riod
Re Among these was a burial system
e
ti
mpl
nd of
n
.
T
s
e
da
n L Among these was a burial system
the
e
Epigraphic Evidence
c
Epigraphi
Ev
Dr. Yuval Baruch – Israel Antiquities Authority; The School of Archaeology and
216
e
idenc
or
it
onl
e
l in J
a
rusa
the
with a
y
y
,
lem
n
buri
re
e
ove
I
d
216 with all its ll its
on
untouche
d re
r
disc
g
A
pos
with an untouched repository, the only Iron Age burial in Jerusalem discovered with a
Maritime Cultures, University of Haifa
contents in situ, and among one of the richest in all Israel. It contained over one thousand items in situ, and among one of the richest in all Israel. It contained over one thousand items
contents
P
nnis
231
rde
t: T
a
2:8 Dennis Pardee
2:8 De
Ev
e
x
tual
e
he
idenc
e
T
The “
Ex
rts
of Ugari
”
The “Experts” of Ugarit: The Textual Evidence 231
pe
obje
te
r
he
95 indi
e
ompl
t
I
vidual
and at lea
s.
d 263 c
row
r
l
ve
e
meta
a
c
a
ssels,
ts,
st
he
ot
ds,
and at least 95 individuals. It included 263 complete vessels, arrowheads, other metal objects,
includ
Prof. David Blumenthal - Emory University (Retired)
bone
bone and ivory objects, inlay pieces, a hoard of jewelry items, glass vessels, alabaster vessels, and ivory objects, inlay pieces, a hoard of jewelry items, glass vessels, alabaster vessels,
2:9 Robert Silverman Early Epigraphic Evidence for the ‘Aleinu
Early Epigraphic Evidence for the ‘Aleinu
n
rma
2:9 Robe
rt S
ve
il
mor
n
a silve
a silver signet ring, an ancient Hebrew seal, and many more rare finds.
n a
y
finds.
a
n
r sig
n
a
t rin
, a
e
c
e
g
w se
r
e
ient He
br
re
a
l, and m
ord
mes F
le-Shabeach Prayer
Prof. James Charlesworth – Princeton Theological Seminary (Emeritus)
and Ja
333
333
le-Shabeach Prayer which are among the most
The most significant finds were the two famous silver
amulets,
The most
and James Ford finds were the two famous silver amulets, which are among the most significant
important archaeological discoveries shedding light on the Bible. The amulets were discovered nt archaeological discoveries shedding light on the Bible. The amulets were discovered
importa
2:10 Stefan Wimmer Whose Year 32
342
tef
a
342
mer
im
n W
Prof. Aaron Demsky – Bar Ilan University (Emeritus)
Whose Year 32
2:10 S
d
re
d in
d b
e
y
the
ope
1986
d
n
ha
in 1979 but were only deciphered in 1986 after they had been opened in the Israel Museum
in
ne
ipher
we
e
y
e
r
c
e
sra
Museum
I
t
l
a
onl
fte
in 1979 but
he
e
labs. The text on the amulets amazed the scholarly world of biblical archaeology since they The text on the amulets amazed the scholarly world of biblical archaeology since they
labs.
dok
ion
Prosopographi
a
li
minary
2:11 Ran Zadok
a
A Pre
A Preliminary Prosopographical Evaluation
c
aluat
2:11 R
Dr. Robert Deutsch – Formerly University of Haifa
al Ev
included the p
include
d
(Courtesy of the Ketef Hinnom excavation)
ion Bow
antat
of the Inc
351
351
of the Incantation Bowls
ls
e
e
ther
te
the
w
ve
s
of
II
toda
ndica
nc
nd i
g
rse
bibl
that during
a
a
known
I
r
l
y
on
A
appea
ica
a
e
appearances of biblical verses known today and indicate that during the Iron Age II there was
r
s
s
Dr. Jan Dušek – Charles University, Prague
a practice of wearing apotropaic text on the body. ctice of wearing apotropaic text on the body.
a pra
In 1984, Barkay had the privilege to excavate the prominent site of Ramat Rachel which was
441
2:12 Ziony Zevit
2:12 Z
Six Priests on a
441
vit
Z
ion
e
Pit
hos
lp
he
With the
With the
read and identified using
Six Priests on a Pithos was read and identified using
y help of additional scholars, in 2004, further text was of additional scholars, in 2004, further text
the focus of a controversy between Yigael Yadin and Yochanan Aharoni. The former dated the
Mr. Zachi Dvira - Bar-Ilan University
innovative
innovative photography techniques and digital imaging. The new text included a verse from photography techniques and digital imaging. The new text included a verse from
site to Athaliah, the queen of Judah in the 9th century BCE, while the latter identified it with a
v
r
e
A South
an Bowl
rit
2:13 I
iff
in a Pri
2:13 Irit Ziffer
A South-East Arabian Bowl in a Private
East Arabi
Z
ate
-
palace built in the 6th century BCE by King Jehoiakim. Barkay found under the palace LMLK
ti
Collection
464
on
Collec
Prof. Alexander Fantalkin, Tel Aviv University
464
jar handles which date the earlier phase to the 8th century BCE, and suggested it was
reconstructed shortly afterward, perhaps at the time of King Hezekiah or Manasseh. Thus,
10
)
.
le: G.
"T
e
.
Stra
n
g
i
a
a
.
I
y
ate
ta"
L
A
i
n
D.
Uss
B
r
o
n
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B
,
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4
)
0
d
.
n
e
ar
s
U
:
k
(
h
k
i
2
s
i
s
See fo
ex
p
See for example: G. Barkay and D. Ussishkin. (2004). "The Late Bronze Age Strata". In: Ussishkin, D (Ed.).
a
6
r
6
m
GY
Prof. Avraham Faust – Bar-Ilan University
PART III – ARCHAEOLOGY
II
O
PART
HA
I
L
ARC
EO
–
t
vi
i
r
A
a
n
n
v U
tio
ve
a
s
-
3
is
c
h
1994)
1
h
(
7
9
o
e
T
e
La
l
2
,
I
lo
.
va
G
.
41
1;
p
p
ch
E
6
g
The Ren
A
xc
31
-
s
ica
t
i
y
a
.
l
.
r
The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) I,2. Tel Aviv University. pp. 316-411; G.
Barka
Barkay (1996). "A Balance Beam from Tel Lachish". Tel Aviv 23,1. pp. 75-82. y (1996). "A Balance Beam from Tel Lachish". Tel Aviv 23,1. pp. 75-82.
ca
an
lan
.
y
h
th
s
7
tio
n
y
to
t
p
7
ed
o
th
g
er
c
he
lo
all
Eventu
Eventually they changed their plans to another location.
eir
an
Symbols of
Symbols of Authority and Power in Iron Age II
3:1 Ram
3:1 Rami Arav
r in Iron Age
II
A
ty and P
e
ow
av
i
Prof. James Nathan Ford – Bar Ilan University
r
Authori
G. Barkay, et. Al. (2004). "The Amulets from Ketef Hinnom: A New Edition and Evaluation". Bulletin of the
9
2009)
1980,
-
5
e
1
.
"
h
In the years 1975-1976, 1979-1980, 1988-1989, 1994 and 1996. See: G. Barkay. (2009). "The Riches of Ketef
T
-
79
In the
f
8
19
9
7
es o
8
R
ich
Kete
f
,
See:
.
9
B
a
G.
a
994
r
n
996
,
d 1
1
.
(
rk
s
y
y
a
1
198
1976
988
ea
-
American Schools of Oriental Research (334). pp. 41-71.
Study
e
v
ase
thsai
da as a C
Southern L
ant; Be
Southern Levant; Bethsaida as a Case Study 490
490
)
,
g
35
35(
a
ib
R
r
ev
e
.
pp
y
B
ch
Hinnom
lo
l A
-
iew
4/
o
.
Hinnom". Biblical Archaeology Review 35(4/5). pp. 23-35, 122-126.
.
2
5
12
23
lica
-
126.
10
G. Barkay (2006). "Royal Palace, Royal Portrait?: The Tantalizing Possibilities of Ramat Raḥel". Biblical
Prof. Yosef Garfinkel – Hebrew University, Jerusalem
Archaeology Review 32(5). pp. 34-44.
XV
other institutions. He has also taught courses for tourist guides and delivered thousands of membe c " ewed w x n Z the priestly benediction verses from Numbers 6: 24:27. These are the earliest riestly benediction verses from Numbers 6: 24:27. These are the earliest 7 Deuter a onom y (7:9) Barkay at one of the burials at Ketef Hinnom si g nific a thy to mention
Barkay assisted Rozen-Ayalon in supervising the excavation of an area dated to the Early
ruc
a
Unive
popular lectures to the general public and in media interviews. In addition, he has won several Bec Prof. Bming an Archaeologist oming an Archaeologist rsit y o f G e or g i a Islamic Period. This experience, now impossible for Israeli archaeologists due to geopolitical
a
n
lper
–
Beco
Prof. Baruch Halpern – University of Georgia
h H
awards, such as the Rector Award and the Yigal Alon Award at Tel Aviv University, the Betwe constraints, was an extraordinary chapter in his early career.
Between 1964 and 1967, Gabi pursued his bachelor's degree in archaeology and geography at en 1964 and 1967, Gabi pursued his bachelor's degree in archaeology and geography at
Prof. David Itzhak (z"l) – Ben Gurion University of the Negev
Prof. Dabrew University of Jerusalem. He studied under the tutelage of founding figures in Israeli brew University of Jerusalem. He studied under the tutelage of founding figures in Israeli
Gabriel Barkay - A Living Legend Archaeologist
Gabriel Ba rkay - A L i vi ng Legen d Ar ch aeol o g ist Jerusalem Prize for Archaeological Research, the Worthy Citizen of Jerusalem Award, and the the He the He vid I tz ha k (z " l) – B e n Gu rion U niver sit y o f the Ne g e v PhD and Various Excavations and Research
Lion of Zion Award for Zionist activity. He has also been a member of several archaeological
archaeology, history, and geography: Yigael Yadin, Benjamin Mazar, Michael Avi-Yonah, eology, history, and geography: Yigael Yadin, Benjamin Mazar, Michael Avi-Yonah,
archa
committees such as the Archaeology Council of Israel, the Israel Exploration Society Board, Yohana n Prof. Michael Langlois – University of Strasbourg In 1970, Gabriel Barkay was presented with the opportunity to join the new Tel Aviv University
FOREWORD
g
Aha
–
l L
ra
s
e
sbour
o
loi
n
roni,
R
Prof. Micha
rsit
g Ruth Amiran, David Flusser, Nahman Avigad, Moshe Stekelis, Yitzchak Flusser, Nahman Avigad, Moshe Stekelis, Yitzchak
y
Yohanan Aharoni,
Unive
f St
auth Amiran, David
Zach Zachi Dvira Biblical Archaeology Review Editorial Committee, associate editor at Ariel book series, and Scha Institute of Archaeology in a direct PhD program while also securing a job. He left his Master's
a
i D
vir
Schattner, and David Amiran. ttner, and David Amiran.
This volume, titled “Gabriel: Tell this Man the Meaning of his Vision”, (quoting Daniel
the Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount. During thi Prof. André Lemaire – École Pratique des Hautes Études, Sorbonne (Emeritus) studies at the Hebrew University and transferred to Tel Aviv University.
s
ne
a
During thi
que
ole Pra
orbon
É
utes
Étude
ti
r
s period, Barkay also attended, as a free listener, courses in religious studies for MA
L
s H
c
pe
s, S
é
de
–
tus)
i
e
E
(
Prof. Andrriod, Barkay also attended, as a free listener, courses in religious studies for MA
mer
em
ai
8:16) has been prepared as a personal tribute to Gabriel Barkay and recognizes his huge
In his career, he has dealt with a variety of research topics and interests such as: Jerusalem students. It he met David Flusser, who was so impressed with Barkay's Flusser, who was so impressed with Barkay's During the Yom Kippur War in 1973, Barkay was assigned to the education force in the Land
students. It was here that was here that he met David
contribution to the field of archaeology, his research, and numerous publications.
Introd u c tion archaeology and history, the archaeology of biblical Israel, burial practices in the Iron Age, intelle intellectual acumen that he appointe y of Israel studies unit. After the war, Israel temporarily controlled an area of 400 km² in Syria,
Introduction
n Unive
Prof. Yigal Levin – Bar Ilan University s his teaching assistant. Remarkably, while still an cumen that he appointed him as his teaching assistant. Remarkably, while still an
c
Prof. Yiga
B
l
a
vin
L
–
tual a
r
Ila
e
rsitd him a
-
n 1998 a
ha
rc
a
g
y
e
olo
t
a
student
r
s
B
a
a
of
c
a
brie
wa
with
y
l
st
rka
a
a
ounter
B
n
s
Dr
i
My fir My first encounter with Dr. Gabriel Barkay was in 1998 as a student of archaeology at Bar-Ilan ancient Hebrew inscriptions and seals, the Temple Mount and its role in the culture, LMLK unde east of the Golan Heights. Barkay was part of a special unit of archaeologists tasked with
Il
n
e
. G
The papers were written by 34 scholars — his colleagues, students and admirers from Israel
undergraduate, Barkay was tasked with grading papers of MA students. Michael Avi-Yonah rgraduate, Barkay was tasked with grading papers of MA students. Michael Avi-Yonah
. Dr
A
y
I
d a
a
B
l
e
e
mi
na
.
se
g
J
e
rusa
rk
a
in
m
l
Unive University. Dr. Barkay led a seminar about Jerusalem in the Iron Age, and I was fascinated by seals, the tumuli mounts in western Jerusalem, horse harnesses in Israel during the First Temple also re Prof. Meir Lubetski – Baruch College, CUNY tour coordinator for the institute. Also surveying the area before the IDF's retreat. This region, rich in ancient remains such as houses
d b
nd
e
fa
s
I
r
wa
y
, a
ron
sc
rsit
inate
the
a
bout
y
, C
e
ir L
also re
oll
–
Prof. Mecognized his talents and assigned him as the tour coordinator for the institute. Also cognized his talents and assigned him as the
ge
tski
h
B
Y
a
ube
C
ruc
UN
and around the world — many of whom were fortunate enough to have collaborated with
the gre a t e mphasis he plac e d on the pe rsona l stories a nd c ha ra c ter of the fig ure s discusse d Period, biblical metrology, and other topics. during from the Roman period still standing at their original height, had
the great emphasis he placed on the personal stories and character of the figures discussed
him in the past or are still working with him, in the present. never been properly surveyed
during this time, Gabi met his first wife, Rachel, a fellow archaeology student who later became this time, Gabi met his first wife, Rachel, a fellow archaeology student who later became
olo
se
r
c
during during his introduction to the history of archaeological research in Jerusalem. After more than an expe rt Prof. Alan Millard – University of Liverpool (Emeritus) before. Numerous scattered fragments and inscriptions from the Roman and Byzantine periods
gica
e
l re
ha
ter
ntroduc
le
or
J
the hist
on to
ti
e
rusa
a
o
Af
f a
his i
y
h in
rc
m.
a
th
more
n
of
E
rsit
rpool (
matics
.
m
ve. They had two children, Naama and Elad. After 28 years of marriage, y had two children, Naama and Elad. After 28 years of marriage,
L
in
ritus)
The
e
Numis
y
iv
an expert in Numismatics
–
lar
d
n Mil
Prof. Ala
e
Uni
The 28 articles are divided into 4 fields of research, representing Gabi's main areas of
re
the
h
int
a
his
e
e
olo
e
of
e
ssenc
is
I
rship,
n a
a
c
of
rs
20 yea 20 years of partnership, I can attest that this attitude is the essence of his interest in archaeology. Early Life they they eventuall were discovered and recorded.
rtne
a
p
gy
a
s
ude
it
tt
e
tt
that thi
.
st
in
st
a
rc
2
eventually separated. y separated.
interest: The Biblical World, Epigraphy, Iconography and Archaeology. The volume also
When Barkay is occasionally asked about the most significant find from the Temple Mount
When B a rka y is oc c a sio na ll y a ske d a bout the m ost sig nific a nt find fr om the T e mpl e Mount Gabriel Barkay seemed destined to be an archaeologist with a profound attachment to Prof. L aw r en ce M y k y t i u k – P urdu e Unive y e st L a f a y e tt e , I ndian a ( E mer it us) From 1978 to 1985, Barkay conducted extensive research on the archaeology of Northern and
, W
rsit
Prof. Lawrence Mykytiuk – Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (Emeritus)
includes an important paper that Gabi, himself, co-authored together with Deutsch,
Sifting Project, he usually responds that it is the people. "Seeing the excitement of a child who
Sifting P roje c t, he usua ll y r e sponds that it is the p e ople. " S e e ing th e e x c it e ment of a c hil d who Jerusalem, perhaps suggesting his archaeological intelligence was ingrained in his genes. The Western Jerusalem at the end of the Iron Age period. This research was part of his PhD
Lemaire, van der Veen and Yitzhak.
r
y
ha
B
rka
a
s
a
a
“
old
oin
A
fte
-
sa
, wh
s.
c
y
ye
pa
a
ll
r
e
-
s
no
e
ll
c
olog
ra
y
ha
if
is
touche touches a 2000-year-old coin has no parallel," Barkay says. “After all, what is archaeology if only child of elderly Hungarian parents, he was born in 1944, the same day his mother entered Prof. Na da v N a ’ a man – T el Aviv Unive rsit y ( E m e ritus) dissertation at Tel Aviv University under the supervision of David Ussishkin. His dissertation
a
l,
r
a
t
"
2000
3
Prof. Nadav Na’aman – Tel Aviv University (Emeritus)
not the li nk be twe e n pots a nd pe ople? " the Budapest Ghetto. She had two precious things in her cart: a newborn baby and a 19th was exceptionally comprehensive, covering several topics, each of which could have stood
not the link between pots and people?"
As time tends to advance in only one direction - the past is no more, the present is
s
ble s
a
a
e
g
is
y
y
of
be
onsi
y
to
on
c
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olo
knowle
e
dge
a
most
of
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man
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rka
d
olar
h
b
h
re
rc
c
Dr. Ba Dr. Barkay is considered by many to be one of the most knowledgeable scholars of archaeology century torah scroll, a family heirloom. This scroll was kept with Gabi and is in use today in Prof. S teve n M. Or ti z – L a ni e r Ce nte r f or A rc ha e olog y , L ipscomb Unive rs it y alone as a PhD dissertation. Besides compiling all data from archaeological works conducted
Prof. Steven M. Ortiz – Lanier Center for Archaeology, Lipscomb University
evanescent, and the future is unknown - with this publication, we are hoping to freeze a
in the Land of Israel, especially in Jerusalem. He has a phenomenal memory for the
in the L a nd of I s ra e l, e spe c iall y in J e rusa lem. He ha s a phe nomen a l memor y fo r the the synagogue of his community in East Talpiot, Jerusalem. in these areas, it included a detailed survey (between the years 1974-1983) of Iron Age burial
moment in time as Gabriel Barkay deserves it.
c
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ica
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discov
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ra
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rie
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s
ounding
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e
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olo
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throug
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archae archaeological discoveries and artifacts uncovered throughout Israel and its surroundings. This Since he was six years old, Jerusalem has been his home. His fascination with the city is Prof. De nnis P a rde e – U niver sit y of Chic a g o tombs in Northern and Western Jerusalem. Barkay personally cleaned and documented some
nd it
This
surr
ts
Prof. Dennis Pardee – University of Chicago
memor y is per ha ps so we ll - roote d be c a us e of h is gre a t i nter e st not onl y in t he a rtifa c ts and the reflected in his extensive knowledge of every aspect of it. Those who travel with Gabi on the previously unknown tombs. His report published the first map of all known Iron Age burial
memory is perhaps so well-rooted because of his great interest not only in the artifacts and the
Robert Deutsch and André Lemaire
people w ho use d them in the pa st but a lso i n thos e who unc ove r e d them in t he re c e nt past . streets of Jerusalem hear countless stories about every corner they pass. His passion for the city Prof. R onn y R e ich – Uni ve rsit y of Ha if a fields in Jerusalem and conducted the first study of the elaborate burial cave complexes at St.
people who used them in the past but also in those who uncovered them in the recent past.
Prof. Ronny Reich – University of Haifa
Various types of intelligence are recognized today, such as logical, linguistic, emotional,
Various t y p e s of int e ll i ge nc e a re re c o g niz e d toda y , suc h a s lo g ica l, li n guist ic, e mot ional, is also mirrored in his personal life; he chose his second spouse, Esther, whose last name, Étienne, previously thought to be from the Roman Period.
4
a
s
qu
g
Ga
nc
c
a
fte
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ne
music musical, etc. After a brief acquaintance with Gabi and observing the way he examines an fittingly, is Jerusalem. In 2018, his deep connection to the city was recognized when he received Dr. Alon S ha vit – I s ra e li I nsti tut e of A rc ha e olo g y
e
wa
int
nd obse
a
n
l,
mi
y
bi
a
r
e
e
a
rvin
e
tc. A
the
f a
a
bri
with
x
a
Dr. Alon Shavit – Israeli Institute of Archaeology
ls
pid
fr
unde
il
of
ra
a
, a
nd his
a
it
re
e
his
t,
his
rst
ra
om
artifac artifact, his rapid understanding of it, and his immediate retrieval of similar parallels from his the Worthy Citizen of Jerusalem award (Yakir Yerushalayim). The dissertation also included the first extensive research on LMLK seal impressions and a full
diate
v
e
of
trie
sim
ll
r
l
a
m
nding
pa
im
extraordinary memory and knowledge of the extensive archaeological literature, one should
extraordina r y memor y a nd knowle d g e o f the e x tensive a r c ha e olog i c a l li ter a tur e , one shoul d As a ten-year-old, Barkay roamed the open fields of Jerusalem, collecting finds like coins and Mr. Robe rt S il ve rma n – S ha lem C oll e g e , J e rusa le m catalog of those discovered in Jerusalem. Additionally, it contained a significant study on 20
Mr. Robert Silverman – Shalem College, Jerusalem
conside r a ddin g a noth e r t y p e o f inte ll ig e n c e – a rc h a e olo g ica l i ntelli ge nc e . pottery shards, always pondering the lives of the people who used them. His curiosity about mysterious earth-and-stone mounds in West Jerusalem, suggesting they were memorials for the
consider adding another type of intelligence – archaeological intelligence.
e
–
m
Prof. David Ussishkin – Tel Aviv University (Emeritus)
Gabi is one of the few remaining scholars from the past generation of archaeological giants.
Gabi is one of the f e w r e maining s c holar s fr om t he pa st g e n e ra ti on o f a r c ha e olo g ica l g iants. the stories behind these finds led him to "force his father" (as he described it) into buying him Prof. Da vid Ussi shki n ay Te f l Aviv Univer sit - y o ( E ah o n ritus) o f th e T em p le Mo u n t kings of Judah that incorporated a "great fire." In 1983, Barkay had the opportunity to excavate
5
h
le
r
Gabriel B
Gabriel Barkay (left) and Michael Avi-Yonah on a tour of the Temple Mount
(
a
to
ar
Mic
ae
u
k
t)
an
v
Y
l A
d
n
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d int
e
a
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re
ti
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with
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e
st
of
g
g
ge
n thi
is
olo
s
h a
knowl
n
ra
a
An arc An archaeologist with such a wide range of knowledge and interest is rare in this generation of books, sparking his lifelong passion for the field. Dr. Piete r G e rt va n de r V e e n – J (Photo: David Bibin, 1968) rsität Ma inz the tumulus at Rogem Ganim and discovered it was much larger than previously thought. The
a
ha
e
dge
r
n
on of
ist
ne
wide
(Photo: David Bibin, 1968)
s Gute
nbe
Unive
nne
-
r
Dr. Pieter Gert van der Veen – Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
g
oha
scientific spe c ializ a ti on. I t is now ne a rl y im possi ble to find a rc ha e olog ist s who c ould lec ture He joined the Israel Exploration Society at just ten years old, even paying the annual most prolonged seasonal excavation Barkay participated in was at Lachish from 1973 to 1987,
scientific specialization. It is now nearly impossible to find archaeologists who could lecture
a
igae
on Chalcolithic burial customs, the Etruscan civilization, horses in the Iron Age, Herodian
Me
idd
l
on of
on tra
c
be
a
c
v
g
ini
x
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e
n a
on Cha lcolit hic buria l c ustom s, the Etrusc a n c iv il iz a ti on, horse s in the Ir on A g e , He rodia n membership fee himself. At twelve, he attended the Society's annual conference at Ramat His pra c ti Dr. Stefan Jakob Wimmer – Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München l Y a din , wh o under the direction of David Ussishkin. Barkay supervised the excavation of a large
dire
His practical excavation training began at Megiddo, under the direction of Yigael Yadin, who
Y
the
ti
t
r
ti
o, unde
ga
a
ng
im
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wig
me
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n J
L
n
-
–
ians
Dr. Stef
r
Ma
rsität Münc
-
im
x
a
Unive
ud
kob W
il
architecture, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Ottoman rifles, and the life of Edward
archit e c tu re , th e C hurc h of the Hol y S e pulch re , Ottom a n rif l e s, a nd the li fe of Ed wa r d Rachel, which was tragically marred by a Jordanian soldiers' shooting that killed four attendees. was im pre ssed b y his skil ls a nd a ppoint e d him a s a n Ar e a S upe rvisor a ssi sta nt. I t wa s he r e that stratigraphic section on the western slope (Area S) of the Tel and also functioned as the deputy
was impressed by his skills and appointed him as an Area Supervisor assistant. It was here that
Robinson.
Robins on. Throughout his school vacations, he participated in numerous field trips, read extensively, and he met Da Prof. Ran Zadok – Tel Aviv University to joi n him on a surve y of the I r on A g e buria l director of the excavation, managing the students (which in some seasons reached 200
who
rka
B
ted
he met David Ussishkin, who later invited Barkay to join him on a survey of the Iron Age burial
y
vid
a
Ussishki
r
invi
n,
late
a
Te
y
sit
Prof. R
–
l A
dok
n Za
viv Univer
began guiding tourists around Mount Zion as a knowledgeable teenager. caves caves at the Silwan village. This survey, which took place during the years 1968-1970, led to
surve
-
y
e
S
This
du
1970,
g
a
plac
rs
a
la
the
1968
led to
n vil
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t
.
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wa
took
ring the
y
, whic
stant
a
a
in
a
d
a
h
y
ssi
supe
a
g
nd unique
s
a
nific
si
Barka Barkay has served as area supervisor or major assistant in many significant and unique As an only child, Barkay was exempted from serving as a combatant in the army and instead the disc ove ion o Ze vit y – p r e vious l y unknown of J e rusa le m , a n inscr ipt ion, an d for the fir st t im e ,
re
man
y
major
or
s
nt
rvisor
a
se
rve
bs
buria
n
l
the discovery of many previously unknown burial tombs, an inscription, and for the first time,
tom
y
f ma
r
Prof. Z
sit
y
niver
y
e
He
w U
Prof. Ziony Zevit – Hebrew University of Jerusalem
br
excavations, such as Susa (Iran), the Silwan Village survey, Tel Be'er Sheva, Tel Massos,
excava ti ons, suc h a s S usa ( I r a n), th e S il wa n V il lage surve y , T e l B e 'e r S he va , T e l Ma s sos, served as a quartermaster. His personality also doesn't fit well with the military system. the entire necropolis was mapped. 1 1
the entire necropolis was mapped.
e
r
me
with
ba
'
e
y
s
maste
ompl
gre
e
a
his
honor
de
sa
Lachish, T e l Z a y t, a nd m ore . H e dir e c ted or c o - di re c ted se ve ra l majo r proj e c ts, includin g the According to his own words, he could not tolerate being ordered around by someone solely Barka Barkay completed his bachelor's degree with honors and began his master's degree at the same 2 G. Barkay, et al. (1974). "Archaeological Survey in the Northern Bashan: (Preliminary Report)". Israel
nd be
ted
g
n his
Lachish, Tel Zayt, and more. He directed or co-directed several major projects, including the
c
s
the
ga
lor
c
he
r'
s
e
de
t
a
Z
sr
r
e
l Mus
Dr. Irit
F
a
Er
iff
rl
e
I
e
e
tz
e
y
um, T
l Aviv
–
orme
Dr. Irit Ziffer – Formerly Eretz Israel Museum, Tel Aviv
Miriam
spe
n S
to
Basha Bashan Survey (southern Syria), the Survey of Iron Age Burial Caves in Jerusalem, Rogem due to their rank, rather than their knowledge or intelligence. This non-combatant role allowed univer university, intending to specialize in Early Islamic pottery under the supervision of Miriam Exploration Journal 24. pp. 173-184.
of
e
lem, R
y
(southe
urve
y
r
unde
e
of
e
on
Age
ializ
I
r
y
Ea
the
the
supe
),
m
urve
c
, int
S
r
s
y
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ve
y
in
J
rl
in
e
e
B
uria
og
sit
pott
l
slamic
a
g
rusa
C
rn
a
S
rvision
ndin
ri
y
3
G. Barkay (1985). Northern and Western Jerusalem in the End of the Iron Age. Ph.D. dissertation. Tel Aviv
(Tumulus) Ganim, Ramat Rachel, Ketef Hinnom, Kiriath-Jearim, and the Temple Mount
(Tumul us) Ga nim , R a m a t R a c he l, Ke t e f Hinno m, Kiria th - J e a rim, a nd the T e mpl e Mount him to enroll in evening classes for tourist guides, eventually earning his tour guide license. Rozen Rozen-Ayalon. She invited him to join her on an expedition at Susa in Iran, led by Jean Perrot. University.
S
invi
.
-
x
y
n,
him
a
on a
n e
to
dit
lon.
a
e
joi
t
ra
usa
in
led
ot
S
ion
rr
y
a
r
A
n P
I
b
ted
n he
e
pe
he
J
l
Prof. Boaz Zissu – Bar Ilan University
oa
B
a
n Unive
iss
a
I
z
r
–
y
Prof. B
u
rsit
Z
Sifting P roje c t. H e ha s a uthore d or c o - a uthor e d more than 200 publi c a ti ons, e dit e d ove r 100 After his military service, Barkay worked extensively as a tour guide with several 4 G. Barkay and A. Kloner (1986). "Jerusalem Tombs from the Days of the First Temple", Biblical Archaeology
Sifting Project. He has authored or co-authored more than 200 publications, edited over 100
B
ove
g
a
l
A
rsit
y
lan
-
I
r
viv
ht
public publications, and taught over 1000 students at Tel Aviv University, Bar-Ilan University, organizations, a job that not only fueled his passion but also helped him support his mother 1 1 Review 12.2. pp. 22-39.
,
Unive
r
T
ti
a
y
t
a
ons,
,
rsit
e
a
1000 students
nd tau
Unive
5
G. Barkay (2003). "Mounds of Mystery". Biblical Archaeology Review 29(3) 32-39.
D. Ussishkin (1993, Hebrew edition - 1983). The Village of Silwan, The Necropolis from the Period of the
k
ed
,
is
r
ew
itio
in
D. Uss
(
h
Heb
1993
n
I
He
, R
d
bre
C
w
g
rsit
r
othbe
rsit
a
na
y
t
e
c
ti
y
hool
Unive
g
ona
lem Unive
nter
oll
, a
the
S
e
l
Jerusa Jerusalem University College, Rothberg International School at the Hebrew University, and after his father's death during Gabi’s army service. Judean Judean Kingdom. Jerusalem. n - 1983 ) . T h e V illa g e o f S ilw a n , Th e N ec r o p o lis fr o m th e P erio d o f th e
n
u
i
.
.
gdom
K
ale
s
m
er
J
XI XIII
