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ko| f;sf] yfngL u/f}+ . rnfPsf] nªdfr{h:t} . slknj:t' kf6Ls{ f] Oltxf;df dfcf] / nªdfr{aLr klg sd/]8 ljKnjn] of] cleofgsf] h
e]nfb]lv ls/0F–afbn;“usf] ;DjGw o:tf] cljefHo ;DjGw 5 ls Psn] gt] T[ j ug'{ ePsf] 5 . gfddfqsf] Psyfg cfTd;d
aLr ePsf] v'nf l;dfgfsf sf/0f ljR5b] x'“b} lrtjgsf] a7} s;Dd cfpbf
L / cj;/x? b'j} 5g\ . ;fdflhs csfn{ fO{ cnu u//] xg] {} ;lsbg} . dfcfn] ] ;+ljwfg 3fÈ] 0Ff ug]{ . Tof] klg )$& xfdLn]
gtfsf sf/0f bO' { bz] sf] of] efOr{ f/ sd/]8 ljKnjn] leGg lz/faf6 nªdfr{nfO{ ab' l\ wdTtfkj' s{ ;DkGg ug{' ;fnsf] ;l+ jwfgh:t} . Tof] ;l+ jwfgleq qmflGt
b]lv rln cPsf] klg 5 . b'j} nªdfr{sf] cf/De ug{' ePsf] 5 . rLgdf eof] eg] nªdfr{n] dfcf]nfO{ Pp6f bz jÈ{] hgo'b\wsf sg' k} lg u'~hfo; k|r08x
ofkfl/s, wfld{snufotsf p2Z] o ;g\ !(#$ sf] cS6f]a/bl] v !(#% sf]
g]kfn–ef/t cfjt hfjt ug{] :kfltnf] S/fGltsf/L gt] fsf ?kdf :yflkt /xg] 5g} . lyof}+ .
zsf nflu /fd|f kIfx? xg' \ . t/ cS6fa] /;Dd dfcf]sf] g]tT[ jdf Ps jÈ]{ u/fof] . o;kl5 dfcf] lrlgof“ sDol' g:6 ul/a ls;fg, dhb'/, blnt, afbnx?
eg] o; ;DaGwsf] unt kmfO{bf nfdf] cleofg ;r+ fng ul/Psf] lyof] . kf6L{sf] Oltxf;df lgljs{Nk / lgljjfb{ af6f]df
klg k|;:t} dfqfdf kfpg ;lsG5 . ToxL nªdfr{sf] hudf dfcf]n] ;g\ dwz] L, hghflt, dlxnfnufot s;s} f]
/ lhNnf k|x/Ln] eG;f/ 5nL, qmflGtsf/L gt] fsf] :yfgdf k'Ug' eof] . lj?4 s
5fk b:tvt lst]{ u/L NofPsf] !($( df gof“ hgjfbL S/fGlt ;DkGg dfcfn] ] Ps}rf6] L kf6L{leq / aflx/sf klg clwsf/ ;'lgZlrt xg' ] 5}g . lsgeg] / alnb
d'No a/fa/sf] & j6f ufl8 / kfg'{ eof] . kl5 cGt/f{li6«o b'Zdg;“u n8]/ lht xfl;n ug{ bz jÈ{] hgob' \wdf bz xhf/ dfG5x] ?n] bZ' dgx?
df]6/;fOsn ;lxt tLghgfnfO{ Oltxf;df nªdfr{sf] gfdn] ljZjljVoft u/]sf] alnbfgnfO{ /4Lsf] 6f]s/Ldf
5. of] cleofg ;kmntfkj' {s ;DkGg ug{' kfg{ ;f/
sfuhkq agfO{ eG;f/ sfo{no, /xo\ f] . eof] . cfh gk] fndf sd/8] ljKnjsf] k\mofSg] sfd sf+U/;] / Pdfnx] ?n] w/] } qmflGts
nufotsfsf] cfvF f 5Ng ;Sg'n] of] nªdfr{ ;+rfng gu/]sf] eP gt] T[ jdf qmflGtsf/L dfcfj] fbLx?n] Pp6f cl3 ul/;ss] f x'g\ . To;nfO{ jw} flgstf / afbn
?sf] b:' ;fx; dfq geO{ /fHosf] lbg pgLx? Psyfg ;l+ jwfg 3fÈ] 0Ff ug{
godgsf/L lgsfosf] nfrf/LnfO{ rLgdf dfcf] / sDol' g:6 kf6Ls{ f] eljio leGg 9u+ sf] nªdfr{ cleofg ;r+ fng 3;' f//]
. o; cg';Gwfgdf kT| oIf ?kdf u/]sf 5g\ . gk] fnsf kl| tSl/ofjfbLx?sf] uO/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx? bz jÈ]{ sfd u/
sf/fa] f/L dfqsf] ko| f;af6 of] ;Dej sl/a ;dfKt xg' ] lgZlrt lyof] . lsgeg] rft} kmL{ 3]/faGbL / cfS/d0F dfcfj] fbL hgo'b\wnfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf :jLsfbg{} g\ g;lsg]
/L ;GoGqdf ;+nUg ;/sf/L tTsfnLg rLgsf k|ltlqmofjfbL zf;s eGg] s'/f ;of}+ tYox?n] b]vfO;s]sf]
k/f]If ?kdf ;xofu] /x]sf] ;xh} Rofª sfO{ ;s] n] hd{g ;]gfklt l;S6sf] cfGbf]ngdfly eO/x]sf] a]nf To;sf] ls/0F–
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cleo'Qmx?nfO{ sfgg' L s73/fdf ;'´fjdf bz nfv ;]gfnfO{ rLgsf] /Ôf ug{ klg of] gof“ cleofg ;r+ fng dV' o dS;b eg]sf] Ps yfg ;l+ jwfg nflu o
sfd] f k|x/L kz| f;gk|lt eg] uj{ ug{ Rofª;Ldf /xs] f] cfwf/Onfsf vTtd kfg{ 3fÈ] 0Ff ug]{, dfcfj] fbLx?sf] el' dsfnfO{
/f]8 ?kofF a/fa/sf] pQm oftfoft ;f/f zSlt sG] b|Lt u/s] f] lyof] . Rofªsf] ug{} kg]{ lyof] . rLgdf dfcfn] ] afxo\ x
sf;L ;fj{hlgs ePsf] of] klxnf] ?kdf kl| tSl/ofjfbL Rofªsf] ;g] flj?bw\ ;Dk"0F{ ?kn] ;dfKt ul/lbg] / ljb]zL;u“ u/]/} 5
6f ;fdfGo 36gf dfq xf] . kj" { d]rL ;]gfn] Rofª;Lsf] cfwf/OnfsfnfO{ n8\g' k/]sf] lyof] eg] csf]{lt/ cfTd;dk{0F u/]/ b]zdf d'bf{ zfGlt uGtJod
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af6 x/]s lbg 7n" } kl/df0fdf o:tf l5ds] L;“usf] ;Dks{ljR5b] xg' hfbf / cfGtl/s ?kdf kf6L{leqsf 5.t
g ;S5g\ . o;sf] vj/bf/L / cfTd;dk{0FjfbL cj;/jfbL k|j[ltsf lrg{ / k|lt/fw] ug{ klg xfdLn] gof“ eljio
/L 5 . d, d]/f] kl/jf/ / d]/f gftf ;bkfgL, nTtfsk8fnufotsf cGo lj?b\w n8\g' k¥of] . To;sf nflu Tof] cleofgsf] cf/De u/]sf xf}+ . 5 . S/
fO{sf] ;+sL0f{ ljrf/ TofuL xfdL, pkefU] o ;fdfgx?sf] cefj x'g uof] . k|ltlqmofjfb / cfTd;dk{0Fjfb bj' s} f
;Dk"0f{ gk] fnLx?sf] ;du| enfO{sf] ;g\ !(## b]lv !(#$sf] cS6fa] /;Dd nªdfr{ alnof] xltof/ aGg k'Uof] . jÈs{ f] z
ufpF ;x/ / bz] agfpg] cleofgdf rLgdf dfcfn] ] rnfPsf] nªdfr{h:t} lj?4 n8]/ gk] fnL hgjfbL qmfGltsf] / xnf] c
gaf6 ;sf/fTds ko| f;sf] yfngL of] cj:yf /xb“ f Rofª;L cfwf/Onfsf Ôfy{ ljKnj sd/]8n] gof“ hfl] vd lng' kf]v/Ln
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5 . clxn] gk] fndf sfU+ /;] –Pdfn]sf] hgo'4af6 cfPsf sx] L g]tfx?nfO{ ko| f]u lj?bw\
Tof] Ô]qdf To;/L 3]l/P/ a:g'eGbf u/]/ hgo'bw\ s} ;Dk"0F{ pknAlw ;dfKt lgZlrt
3/] f tf8] /] aflx/ lg:sg] / csf{] kf| GtnfO{ gt] [Tjdf /x]sf] oyf:lyltjfbLx?n] Ps
cfwf/ Onfsf agfP/ kl| t/fw] ug{] ofh] gf yfg ;+ljwfgsf] gfddf dfcf]jfbL kf/] . Toqf] bzs hgo'4 n8/] cfPsf bnfn k
cfGbf]ngnfO{ k"0F{tM ;dfKt kfgs{ f nflu dfG5]x?n] cfTd;dk0{ Fsf] af6f] /fH] g' lgs} :ju{df
agfP . b'vb kf6f] lyof] . t/ sd/8] ljKnjsf] ltg} ul/
;g\ !(#$ sf] cS6fa] /df ! nfv ;f/f of]hgfsf ;fy cfO/xs] f 5g\ . of]
a]nf To;sf] 86/] k|lt/f]w ugs{ f nflu gt] T[ jdf /xs] f] of] dfcfj] fbLn] cfTd;dk0{ F dhb'x?s
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;+:sl[ t / k/Dk/fdfly xd
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hgf uf]/L /ªusL dlxnfn] c+U/]hL ufO{sf] xTof ef/tsf 7fp7“ fpd“ f x'G5 tsf] ;
PDa'nG] ; ;]jf efÈfdf b]jLn] /ut vfGgg\ eGb} oxf“ ;DdsL s'g} s'g} 7fp“df t lnO :j
kz'alnsf] lj/f]w u/]sf] l6eL af6 g/jln klg xg' ] eg/] z+sf ul/G5 . cuf8L
!)) gk] fn /8] qm; %@)&!! Zofd g]kfn b]lvof] o;df ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ s/' f s] 5 t;y{ ;a}eGbf klxn] Totf k6\l6 klZrd
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^@)$^& kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;3+ %@)#)% Psl} bgdf * xhf/ kzs' f] aln lbPsf] s/' fsf] dG] o"af/] ljbz] L dlxnfnfO{ s] cfpg'ePsf] dfGb}gg\ of b]jLsf] gvfg] s
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^@!(*) 5ltjg /8] qm;M (*$%!)%*@! sltn] t k|ToÔ g} b]v] . ef/tsf af/d] f pgn] eGg' pgsf] cfkmd} f c1fgtf o;df /fhgLlts egs tyf xf] eg
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aha| f/fxL /8] qm;M (*!$@)&$)! 5}gg\ < of] cfkm}df ;Gb]xf:kb s'/f clwsf/ vfH] b} cfpge' Psfsf] kZ| g 5 To;sf
hsf] l;ljg afn x]NknfOg (*$%#)@(*$ 5. Tof] Pp6f x:tÔ]ksf] ?kdf lng u/fpb“ f
;lsG5 . klg ge
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eGg'sf] dtna s] xf] < j}1flgsL kZlrdL d'n'sdf kz' jwzfnf eP xfdL gk]
/fzLkmn cleJolt xf] of dgu0FGt] xf] < h] h:t} o;nfO{ klg Pp6f jwzfnfdfq kg{] x'G5
xf];\ aln k|yfaf/] of] k+ltsf/ klg ;f]r] k'Ug]df pxf“x?n] b]jLn] /ut
e]nfb]lv ls/0F–afbn;“usf] ;DjGw o:tf] cljefHo ;DjGw 5 ls Psn] gt] T[ j ug'{ ePsf] 5 . gfddfqsf] Psyfg cfTd;d
aLr ePsf] v'nf l;dfgfsf sf/0f ljR5b] x'“b} lrtjgsf] a7} s;Dd cfpbf
L / cj;/x? b'j} 5g\ . ;fdflhs csfn{ fO{ cnu u//] xg] {} ;lsbg} . dfcfn] ] ;+ljwfg 3fÈ] 0Ff ug]{ . Tof] klg )$& xfdLn]
gtfsf sf/0f bO' { bz] sf] of] efOr{ f/ sd/]8 ljKnjn] leGg lz/faf6 nªdfr{nfO{ ab' l\ wdTtfkj' s{ ;DkGg ug{' ;fnsf] ;l+ jwfgh:t} . Tof] ;l+ jwfgleq qmflGt
b]lv rln cPsf] klg 5 . b'j} nªdfr{sf] cf/De ug{' ePsf] 5 . rLgdf eof] eg] nªdfr{n] dfcf]nfO{ Pp6f bz jÈ{] hgo'b\wsf sg' k} lg u'~hfo; k|r08x
ofkfl/s, wfld{snufotsf p2Z] o ;g\ !(#$ sf] cS6f]a/bl] v !(#% sf]
g]kfn–ef/t cfjt hfjt ug{] :kfltnf] S/fGltsf/L gt] fsf ?kdf :yflkt /xg] 5g} . lyof}+ .
zsf nflu /fd|f kIfx? xg' \ . t/ cS6fa] /;Dd dfcf]sf] g]tT[ jdf Ps jÈ]{ u/fof] . o;kl5 dfcf] lrlgof“ sDol' g:6 ul/a ls;fg, dhb'/, blnt, afbnx?
eg] o; ;DaGwsf] unt kmfO{bf nfdf] cleofg ;r+ fng ul/Psf] lyof] . kf6L{sf] Oltxf;df lgljs{Nk / lgljjfb{ af6f]df
klg k|;:t} dfqfdf kfpg ;lsG5 . ToxL nªdfr{sf] hudf dfcf]n] ;g\ dwz] L, hghflt, dlxnfnufot s;s} f]
/ lhNnf k|x/Ln] eG;f/ 5nL, qmflGtsf/L gt] fsf] :yfgdf k'Ug' eof] . lj?4 s
5fk b:tvt lst]{ u/L NofPsf] !($( df gof“ hgjfbL S/fGlt ;DkGg dfcfn] ] Ps}rf6] L kf6L{leq / aflx/sf klg clwsf/ ;'lgZlrt xg' ] 5}g . lsgeg] / alnb
d'No a/fa/sf] & j6f ufl8 / kfg'{ eof] . kl5 cGt/f{li6«o b'Zdg;“u n8]/ lht xfl;n ug{ bz jÈ{] hgob' \wdf bz xhf/ dfG5x] ?n] bZ' dgx?
df]6/;fOsn ;lxt tLghgfnfO{ Oltxf;df nªdfr{sf] gfdn] ljZjljVoft u/]sf] alnbfgnfO{ /4Lsf] 6f]s/Ldf
5. of] cleofg ;kmntfkj' {s ;DkGg ug{' kfg{ ;f/
sfuhkq agfO{ eG;f/ sfo{no, /xo\ f] . eof] . cfh gk] fndf sd/8] ljKnjsf] k\mofSg] sfd sf+U/;] / Pdfnx] ?n] w/] } qmflGts
nufotsfsf] cfvF f 5Ng ;Sg'n] of] nªdfr{ ;+rfng gu/]sf] eP gt] T[ jdf qmflGtsf/L dfcfj] fbLx?n] Pp6f cl3 ul/;ss] f x'g\ . To;nfO{ jw} flgstf / afbn
?sf] b:' ;fx; dfq geO{ /fHosf] lbg pgLx? Psyfg ;l+ jwfg 3fÈ] 0Ff ug{
godgsf/L lgsfosf] nfrf/LnfO{ rLgdf dfcf] / sDol' g:6 kf6Ls{ f] eljio leGg 9u+ sf] nªdfr{ cleofg ;r+ fng 3;' f//]
. o; cg';Gwfgdf kT| oIf ?kdf u/]sf 5g\ . gk] fnsf kl| tSl/ofjfbLx?sf] uO/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx? bz jÈ]{ sfd u/
sf/fa] f/L dfqsf] ko| f;af6 of] ;Dej sl/a ;dfKt xg' ] lgZlrt lyof] . lsgeg] rft} kmL{ 3]/faGbL / cfS/d0F dfcfj] fbL hgo'b\wnfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf :jLsfbg{} g\ g;lsg]
/L ;GoGqdf ;+nUg ;/sf/L tTsfnLg rLgsf k|ltlqmofjfbL zf;s eGg] s'/f ;of}+ tYox?n] b]vfO;s]sf]
k/f]If ?kdf ;xofu] /x]sf] ;xh} Rofª sfO{ ;s] n] hd{g ;]gfklt l;S6sf] cfGbf]ngdfly eO/x]sf] a]nf To;sf] ls/0F–
;lsG5 . t/, dsjfgk/' kx| /Lsf] 86]/ kl| t/f]w ug{ / cfkm\ gf] pknAlwsf] 5 . clxn] ;+;b\jfbL sfu+ ;|] / Pdfnx] ?sf] u/]/ g
cleo'Qmx?nfO{ sfgg' L s73/fdf ;'´fjdf bz nfv ;]gfnfO{ rLgsf] /Ôf ug{ klg of] gof“ cleofg ;r+ fng dV' o dS;b eg]sf] Ps yfg ;l+ jwfg nflu o
sfd] f k|x/L kz| f;gk|lt eg] uj{ ug{ Rofª;Ldf /xs] f] cfwf/Onfsf vTtd kfg{ 3fÈ] 0Ff ug]{, dfcfj] fbLx?sf] el' dsfnfO{
/f]8 ?kofF a/fa/sf] pQm oftfoft ;f/f zSlt sG] b|Lt u/s] f] lyof] . Rofªsf] ug{} kg]{ lyof] . rLgdf dfcfn] ] afxo\ x
sf;L ;fj{hlgs ePsf] of] klxnf] ?kdf kl| tSl/ofjfbL Rofªsf] ;g] flj?bw\ ;Dk"0F{ ?kn] ;dfKt ul/lbg] / ljb]zL;u“ u/]/} 5
6f ;fdfGo 36gf dfq xf] . kj" { d]rL ;]gfn] Rofª;Lsf] cfwf/OnfsfnfO{ n8\g' k/]sf] lyof] eg] csf]{lt/ cfTd;dk{0F u/]/ b]zdf d'bf{ zfGlt uGtJod
sfnL ;Dd ljleGg :yfgdf /x]sf rf/l} t/af6 3/] fdf kf//] cfwf/Onfsfsf] sfod ug]{ /x]sf] 5 . of] È8oGqnfO{
af6 x/]s lbg 7n" } kl/df0fdf o:tf l5ds] L;“usf] ;Dks{ljR5b] xg' hfbf / cfGtl/s ?kdf kf6L{leqsf 5.t
g ;S5g\ . o;sf] vj/bf/L / cfTd;dk{0FjfbL cj;/jfbL k|j[ltsf lrg{ / k|lt/fw] ug{ klg xfdLn] gof“ eljio
/L 5 . d, d]/f] kl/jf/ / d]/f gftf ;bkfgL, nTtfsk8fnufotsf cGo lj?b\w n8\g' k¥of] . To;sf nflu Tof] cleofgsf] cf/De u/]sf xf}+ . 5 . S/
fO{sf] ;+sL0f{ ljrf/ TofuL xfdL, pkefU] o ;fdfgx?sf] cefj x'g uof] . k|ltlqmofjfb / cfTd;dk{0Fjfb bj' s} f
;Dk"0f{ gk] fnLx?sf] ;du| enfO{sf] ;g\ !(## b]lv !(#$sf] cS6fa] /;Dd nªdfr{ alnof] xltof/ aGg k'Uof] . jÈs{ f] z
ufpF ;x/ / bz] agfpg] cleofgdf rLgdf dfcfn] ] rnfPsf] nªdfr{h:t} lj?4 n8]/ gk] fnL hgjfbL qmfGltsf] / xnf] c
gaf6 ;sf/fTds ko| f;sf] yfngL of] cj:yf /xb“ f Rofª;L cfwf/Onfsf Ôfy{ ljKnj sd/]8n] gof“ hfl] vd lng' kf]v/Ln
fdnfO{ lg?T;flxt u/fpg] ;lsGYof] tx;gx;sf] cj:yfdf kU' of] . o:tf] an] f gk] fndf clxn] sd/8] ljKnjsf] gt] T[ jdf
dfcf]sf] b'/bzL{ lehgdf sDo'lg:6x?n] gof“ lz/faf6 nªdfr{ ;?' aft ePsf] ePsf] 5 . b]zL–ljb]zL zSltx?n] ofjfb,
5 . clxn] gk] fndf sfU+ /;] –Pdfn]sf] hgo'4af6 cfPsf sx] L g]tfx?nfO{ ko| f]u lj?bw\
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