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• Vertical farms with stacked trays, LED light
cycles, and AI-managed nutrient flow
• Field plots for seed-based crops like rice (in low-
risk, geographically controlled settings)

These environments are designed not just for plant health—
but for biopharmaceutical-grade consistency. Growth
conditions are optimized to ensure reproducible protein
expression levels, minimal contamination, and efficient
harvesting cycles.

Where traditional bioreactors require aseptic conditions and
stainless steel, plant bioreactors run on sunlight and
biosecurity protocols.

Step 3: Harvest, Stabilization, and Formulation

Once the plants reach maturity and have accumulated
sufficient therapeutic protein in their tissues, they’re
harvested and processed into deliverable formats.

The process varies by species and target product:

• Leafy biomass (lettuce) is typically lyophilized
(freeze-dried) to remove water and stabilize the
protein within the plant matrix. The dried material
is ground into a fine powder and encapsulated in
standard oral delivery forms—tablets, capsules, or
sachets.
• Aquatic biomass (duckweed) is harvested with
minimal processing, often dried and milled directly
for incorporation into low-volume, high-protein-
dose formats.

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