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«à“ §«“¡¬ÿμ‘∏√√¡Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë„¥ (the source of justice: Rechtsgefühl) ·≈–μ“¡À≈—°·Ààß
(ÒÛ)
§«“¡¬ÿμ‘∏√√¡∑’Ë —ߧ¡°”Àπ¥

à«πÕ”π“®„π°“√æ‘®“√≥“§¥’¢Õß»“≈„π√–∫∫°ÆÀ¡“¬ «‘ π—Èπ ª√–¡«≈
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¡“μ√“ Ù ¢Õ߉∑¬ ∫—≠≠—μ‘«à“:

ç°ÆÀ¡“¬π—Èπ μâÕß„™â„π∫√√¥“°√≥’´÷ËßμâÕߥ⫬∫∑∫—≠≠—μ‘„¥Ê ·Ààß°ÆÀ¡“¬
μ“¡μ—«Õ—°…√ À√◊Õμ“¡§«“¡¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬¢Õß∫∑∫—≠≠—μ‘π—ÈπÊ

‡¡◊ËÕ‰¡à¡’∫∑°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë®–¡“ª√—∫§¥’‰¥â „À⺟âæ‘æ“°…“«‘π‘®©—¬§¥’π—Èπμ“¡
°ÆÀ¡“¬®“√’μª√–‡æ≥’∑’˧ßÕ¬Ÿà ∂Ⓣ¡à¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬®“√’μª√–‡æ≥’‡™àπ«à“π—Èπ „À⺟âæ‘æ“°…“
(ÒÙ)
«‘π‘®©—¬§¥’μ“¡À≈—°´÷ËߺŸâæ‘æ“°…“‡ªìπºŸâ √â“ߢ÷Èπ‡ ¡◊ÕπÀπ÷Ë߇ªìπΩÉ“¬π‘μ‘∫—≠≠—μ‘é

°“√«‘π‘®©—¬§¥’‚¥¬„™â çÀ≈—°´÷ËߺŸâæ‘æ“°…“‡ªìπºŸâ √â“ߢ÷Èπ‡ ¡◊ÕπÀπ÷Ë߇ªìπΩÉ“¬

π‘μ‘∫—≠≠—μ‘é „π°√≥’‰¡à¡’∫∑°ÆÀ¡“¬·≈–‰¡à¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬®“√’μª√–‡æ≥’∑’˧ßÕ¬Ÿà„π¢≥–
μ—¥ ‘ππ—Èππà“®–À¡“¬∂÷ß çÀ≈—°·Ààߧ«“¡¬ÿμ‘∏√√¡μ“¡¿“«–«‘ —¬é ´÷ËߺŸâæ‘æ“°…“

‡ÀÁπ«à“‡À¡“– ¡„π°“√ª√—∫„™â·°à§¥’π—ÈπÊ ´÷ËßÀ≈—°¥—ß°≈à“«‡ªìπ°“√„ÀâÕ”π“®·°à
ºŸâæ‘æ“°…“„π°“√æ‘®“√≥“æ‘æ“°…“Õ√√∂§¥’μ“¡§«“¡¬ÿμ‘∏√√¡‰¥âÕ¬à“߇À¡“– ¡·≈–

™“≠©≈“¥ ·μà‡ªìπ∑’Ëπà“‡ ’¬¥“¬«à“ª√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬·æàß·≈–æ“≥‘™¬å ¡“μ√“ Ù ¢Õ߉∑¬

‰¥â≈–‡«âπ‰¡àπ”·π«∑“ߥ—ß°≈à“«¡“∫—≠≠—μ‘„Àâ§√∫∂â«π §ßÕâ“ß∂÷߇撬߮“√’μª√–‡æ≥’
·Ààß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ∫∑°ÆÀ¡“¬„°≈⇧’¬ßÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß ·≈–À≈—°°ÆÀ¡“¬∑—Ë«‰ª‡∑à“π—Èπ

(ÒÛ)
Nigel G. Foster, German Law and Legal System (London: Blackstone, 1993) p. 58.
(ÒÙ)
Swiss Civil Code, Section 1:
çThe law must be applied in all cases which come within the letter or the

spirit of any of its provisions.
Where no provision is applicable, the judge shall decide according to existing
customary law and in default, there of according to the rules which he would

lay down if he had himself to act as legislature.é