Page 143 - TOEFL_Basic-3

us to eat or drink. The second section is commonly known as the mid-brain. It lies directly above the brain
stem. This part 01 the brain is involved in many 01 our leelings and emotions. It allows us to sense pain and
pleasure. It also stores patterns 01 movement and repeated tasks. The third section takes up about eighty
percent 01 the total brain. It is sometimes called the “neocortex" or “new brain. " This part 01 the brain
allows you to think, set goals, and solve problems. The “new brain" is still developing 니ntil about the age 01
twenty-one. Getting the second and third sections 01 the brain to work together in harmony is impαtant lor
maturing into adulthood.

page 43
D
W: The lecture is about the brain. The brain produces our every thought, action, memory, leeling and experience
The brain lorms connections, which store memories and habits and shape our personalities. The pattern 01
connections in the brain changes constantly and no two brains are alike. The human brain has three
segments. The lirst segment is the brain stem. It controls instincts, rellexes, basic lunctioning, and tells us
when we are hungry or thirsty. The mid-brain allows us to sense pain and pleasure. It also stores patterns
01 movement and repeated tasks. The neocortex or “ new brain" allows us to think, set goals, and solve
problems. This part is still maturing until the age 01 twenty-one ‘ The mid-brain and the “new brain" must
work together to mature into adulthood . The brain is very complex and is responsible lor every thought,
leeling or action that we produce

page 44
Step 1
W: When you hear the term concussion, you think brain damage, right? Concussions are actually very common
They are also the least serious lorm 01 traumatic brain injury. The brain is made 01 soft tiss니e and is cushioned
by spinal Iluid. It is protected by the hard skull. When a person receives a brain injury, the brain gets tossed
around. It may even bang against the skull . This can cause bruising, blood vessels to tear, and injury to the
nerves

Concussions are commonly caused through sports injuries. 1I you play sports such as lootball, boxing , and
hockey, a concussion is more likely. Also, men have a higher potential lor concussions than women. Some
symptoms include dizziness, nausea, and loss 01 memory. You may even lose consciousness. In some
cases, it is not always obvious
Sometimes, players return to a game when they shouldn’t. This can be serious. 1I the brain receives another
injury, there may be long-term damage. The length 01 time it takes to recover Irom a head injury differs. It
depends on how severe the injury is. Diagnosing a concussion is usually straightlorward . Your doctor may
ask you what seem like silly q니 estions ， such as, “What is your name?" These q 니estions are routine. The
doctor also checks yo니 r rellexes. 1I the injury appears to be more serious, a brain scan is often perlormed
This is like having your brain x-rayed. A scan is not always necessary but will quickly tell you il there is
serious damage. 1I you play sports, don't be alarmed. Wear protective headgear and use your head l

[ Unit 5 ]

l1m.딩감갚파딩표를
page 47
C
M: My hobby is playing the saxophone in a band. 1 spend almost thirty hours a week practicing with my band
1 do my hobby in an old building near my Iriend’s house. We can be really loud there

I Transcript I 7