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¢yÓ˚ò §yÌ# •y!ï˛Î˚yÓ˚ 2020

•y•zˆÏܲyê≈˛ 43 çl !Ù§y Ó!®Ó˚ ˆ•!ÓÎ˚y§ ܲ˛õ≈y§ @˝Ã•î ܲˆÏÓ˚!SÈ°– xy§yˆÏÙ ~lxyÓ˚!§ §¡õˆÏÜ≈˛ §ÇÓyò ≤Ãܲy¢ !lˆÏÎ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛
!Ù§y !lˆÏÎ˚ §%!≤ÃÙ ˆÜ˛yˆÏê≈˛ ~ܲ xyˆÏÓòl 4ÈüÈ1 Ó˚&!°ÇÈüÈ~ §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ Ó•z ≤Ãܲy¢ xl%¤˛yˆÏl í˛z‹øy çy!lˆÏÎ˚ Ó˚Ol à˜Ïà ӈϰ!SȈϰlñ
˲y£ÏƒˆÏܲ•z @˝Ã•î ܲˆÏÓ˚!SÈ°– !Óã˛yÓ˚˛õ!ï˛ ~•zã˛ xyÓ˚ áyߨy ˙!ï˛•y!§Ü˛ Úxy§yˆÏÙ ~lxyÓ˚!§ ÷ô%Ùye ~•z Ù%•)ˆÏï≈˛Ó˚ ò!°° lÎ˚ÉÉÉÉÉÉ~ê˛y
!˲ߨ Ó˚yˆÏÎ˚ í˛zˆÏÕ‘á ܲˆÏÓ˚!SȈϰlñ ÚÚ§Ç!Óôyl ˆÜ˛ylG ܲï,≈˛˛õ«˛ˆÏܲ•z ˲!ӣσˆÏï˛Ó˚ çlƒ ~ܲ!ê˛ !˲!_ ò!°°– ~Ùl ~ܲ!ê˛ ò!°° ÎyÓ˚
~Ùl x!ôܲyÓ˚ ˆòÎ˚ ly ÎyˆÏï˛ !ï˛!l •y•zˆÏܲyˆÏê≈˛ ˆ•!ÓÎ˚y§ ܲ˛õ≈yˆÏ§Ó˚ !˲!_ˆÏï˛ xyÙÓ˚y ˲!ӣσˆÏï˛Ó˚ òy!Ó !lô≈yÓ˚î ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õy!Ó˚ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ
!Ó° Óy!ï˛° ܲˆÏÓ˚ !òˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚l– ~Ùl!ܲ çÓ˚&!Ó˚ xÓfliy 19 °«˛ Óy 40 °«˛ !Ó£ÏÎ˚ lÎ˚–Û ≤Ãy_´l ≤Ãôyl !Óã˛yÓ˚˛õ!ï˛Ó˚
ã˛°yܲy°#lG ˆÜ˛ylG Ùyl%£ÏˆÏܲ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ç#Ól G fl∫y!ôܲyÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ ܲyˆÏSÈ 19 °«˛ Óy 40 °«˛ Ùyl%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ lyà!Ó˚ܲc •yÓ˚yˆÏly ly!ܲ
Ó!MÈ˛ï˛ Ü˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ ly–ÛÛ çÓ˚&!Ó˚ xÓfliyÓ˚ ÙˆÏôƒ ~•zã˛ xyÓ˚ áyߨyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛ylG !Ó£ÏÎ˚ lÎ˚ú xÌã˛ !ï˛!l !Óã˛yÓ˚yô#l !ӣψÏÎ˚ !lˆÏçÓ˚ Ùï˛yÙï˛
§y•!§Ü˛ ˙!ï˛•y!§Ü˛ ~•z !˲ߨ Ó˚yÎ˚ xyçG ≤Ãy§!Dܲ– çy!lˆÏÎ˚ !òˆÏ°l– 1997 §yˆÏ° §%!≤ÃÙ ˆÜ˛yˆÏê≈˛ à,•#ï˛
!Óã˛yÓ˚ !Ó˲yˆÏàÓ˚ G˛õÓ˚ §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ •hflψϫ˛ˆÏ˛õÓ˚ á%Ó ‘Restatement of Values of Judicial Life’ÈüÈ~Ó˚ ˆÜ˛yˆÏí˛
§y¡±!ï˛Ü˛ ò%!ê˛ í˛zòy•Ó˚î •° ≠ Ùye ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ Ùy§ xyˆÏà !ò!Õ‘Ó˚ ˆ°áy xyˆÏSÈñ ÚÚ~ܲçl !Óã˛yÓ˚ܲ ≤ÃܲyˆÏ¢ƒ ˆÜ˛ylG !Óï˛ˆÏÜ≈˛ ≤ÈÏÓ¢
òyDyÓ˚ §ÙÎ˚ !ò!Õ‘ •y•zˆÏܲyˆÏê≈˛Ó˚ !Óã˛yÓ˚˛õ!ï˛ ~§ Ù%Ó˚!°ôÓ˚ !ÓˆÏç!˛õ Óy Ó˚yç˜Ïl!ï˛Ü˛ !ӣψÏÎ˚ !lˆÏçÓ˚ Ùï˛yÙï˛ ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏÓl
ˆlï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ !ÓˆÏm£ÏÙ)°Ü˛ !ÓÓ,!ï˛Ó˚ !ÓÓ˚&ˆÏk˛ ~Ê˛xy•zxyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ly– xÌÓy xÙ#ÙyÇ!§ï˛ Ìyܲy Óy !Óã˛y!Ó˚ܲ !§k˛yˆÏhs˝Ó˚ çlƒ
!lˆÏò≈ˆÏ¢ ˆòGÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚•z ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ ÙyV˛Ó˚yˆÏï˛ Óò!° ܲÓ˚y •Î˚– §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zay!˛õï˛ !Ó£ÏÎ˚=!°ˆÏï˛ çl§ÙˆÏ«˛ ï˛yÓ˚ Ùï˛yÙï˛ ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓl
xyŸã˛ˆÏÎ≈Ó˚ ܲÌyñ Ù%Ó˚!°ôÓ˚ˆÏܲ Óò!° ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòGÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !òl•z ly–ÛÛ xÌã˛ !Óã˛yÓ˚˛õ!ï˛ Ìyܲyܲy°#l Ó˚Ol à˜Ïà !l!m≈ôyÎ˚ ~•z
ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˆòGÎ˚y !lˆÏò≈¢ ÓòˆÏ° ÎyÎ˚– ܲˆÏÓ˚yly Ù•yÙyÓ˚#Ó˚ ÙˆÏôƒ ôÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ Ùhs˝Óƒ ܲˆÏÓ˚ !òˆÏ°l– xˆÏÎyôƒy ˆÌˆÏܲ Ó˚yÊ˛y° ï˛òhs˝ñ x§ˆÏÙ
xy•ˆÏÙòyÓyò !§!˲° •y§˛õyï˛yˆÏ°Ó˚ xÓƒÓfliy !lˆÏÎ˚ =çÓ˚yê˛ ~lxyÓ˚!§ÈüüüÈxÓ§ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xyˆÏà ≤Ãôyl !Óã˛yÓ˚˛õ!ï˛ à˜ÏàÈüÈ~Ó˚ ~ˆÏܲÓ˚
§Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !ÓÓ˚&ˆÏk˛ !ÓÓ˚*˛õ Ùhs˝Óƒ ܲÓ˚yÎ˚ ÙyÙ°y !í˛!˲¢l ˆÓMÈ˛ ˛õÓ˚ ~ܲ Ó˚yÎ˚ !ÓˆÏç!˛õˆÏܲ Ó˚yç˜Ïl!ï˛Ü˛ ˲yˆÏÓ §%!Óôy ܲˆÏÓ˚ !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ
ˆÌˆÏܲ xlƒe ˛õyë˛yˆÏly •Î˚– ~•z í˛zòy•Ó˚î=!° !Óã˛yÓ˚ ÓƒÓfliyÓ˚ ӈϰ x!˲ˆÏÎyà ÓyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ í˛zˆÏë˛ ~ˆÏ§ˆÏSÈ–
G˛õÓ˚ §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §Ó˚y§!Ó˚ •hflψϫ˛˛õ– xÓ§Ó˚ @˝Ã•ˆÏîÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ≤Ãy_´l ≤Ãôyl !Óã˛yÓ˚˛õ!ï˛ Ó˚Ol
§%!≤ÃÙ ˆÜ˛yˆÏê≈˛Ó˚ ≤Ãy_´l ≤Ãôyl !Óã˛yÓ˚˛õ!ï˛ Ó˚Ol à˜ÏàÈüÈÓ˚ à˜ÏàÈüÈˆÜ˛ Ó˚yçƒ§Ë˛yÓ˚ §ò§ƒ ÙˆÏlyl#ï˛ Ü˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ G !Óã˛yÓ˚
xyوϰ §%!≤ÃÙ ˆÜ˛yˆÏê≈˛Ó˚ xˆÏlܲ=!° Ó˚yÎ˚ !lˆÏÎ˚ ˆòˆÏ¢ !Ó˲yˆÏàÓ˚ ÙˆÏôƒ «˛Ùï˛yÓ˚ §yÇ!Óôy!lܲ ˛õ,Ìܲ#ܲÓ˚î !lˆÏÎ˚ §Ó≈e
ï%˛Ù%° !Óï˛ˆÏÜ≈˛Ó˚ §,!‹T •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ– !Óã˛yÓ˚˛õ!ï˛ à˜ÏàÈüÈÓ˚ xyوϰ ≤ß¿ í˛zay!˛õï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ– !ӈϢ£Ïï˛ Ùyl%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ÙˆÏl ~•z ôyÓ˚îy Ók˛Ù)°
!Óã˛yÓ˚!Ó˲yˆÏàÓ˚ !lÓ˚ˆÏ˛õ«˛ï˛y G fl∫yô#lï˛y !lˆÏÎ˚ ≤ß¿ í˛zë˛ˆÏï˛ ÷Ó˚& •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ ˆÎñ ˆÎˆÏ•ï%˛ à˜Ïà xˆÏlܲ=!° ÙyÙ°yÎ˚ ˆÓˆÏMÈ˛Ó˚ ≤Ãôyl
ܲˆÏÓ˚!SÈ°– Ó˚yÊ˛y° ã%˛!_´ !lˆÏÎ˚ ò%ÛÓyÓ˚ ˆÙy!ò §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ˆÏܲ SÈyí˛¸˛õe !SȈϰlñ ï˛y•z §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ ï˛yˆÏܲ ÙˆÏlyl#ï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏSÈ =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈
ˆòGÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ xyوϰ– Ó˚yÙÙ!®Ó˚ ÙyÙ°yÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ ˆÓ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ Ó˚yç˜Ïl!ï˛Ü˛ xÇ¢#òyÓ˚ !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ– xÌã˛ 2019ÈüÈ~Ó˚ Ùyã≈˛ ÙyˆÏ§
!Óã˛yÓ˚˛õ!ï˛ à˜ÏàÈüÈ~Ó˚ ˆlï,˛ˆÏc– ~•z Ó˚yÎ˚G Ùyl%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ÙˆÏl xˆÏlܲ §%!≤ÃÙ ˆÜ˛yˆÏê≈˛Ó˚ ≤Ãy_´l ≤Ãôyl !Óã˛yÓ˚˛õ!ï˛ Ó˚Ol à˜Ïà !lˆÏç•z
≤ß¿ ï%˛ˆÏ° !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ Îy xyçG !lÓ˚§l •Î˚!l– §%!≤ÃÙ ˆÜ˛yˆÏê≈˛Ó˚ Ó˚yˆÏÎ˚ ӈϰ!SȈϰlñ ÚxÓ§ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚ §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ ˛õˆÏò !lˆÏÎ˚yà
xˆÏÎyôƒyÓ˚ Ù§!çˆÏòÓ˚ x˲ƒhs˝ˆÏÓ˚ 1949ÈüÈÓ˚ 22ˆ¢ !í˛ˆÏ§¡∫Ó˚ Ó˚yˆÏï˛ !Óã˛yÓ˚!Ó˲yˆÏàÓ˚ fl∫yô#lï˛yÓ˚ àyˆÏÎ˚ «˛ï˛Û– ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ xy•zlç#Ó#Ó˚y
ˆÓxy•z!l˲yˆÏÓ Ù)!ï≈˛ ˆÓ˚ˆÏá x˛õ!Óe ܲÓ˚y ~ÓÇ 1992 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ Ó°ˆÏSÈlñ ˆÙy!ò §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ ܲyÎ≈ï˛ !Óã˛yÓ˚!Ó˲yˆÏàÓ˚ fl∫yô#lï˛yÓ˚ ܲ!Ê˛ˆÏl
6•z !í˛ˆÏ§¡∫Ó˚ ÓyÓ!Ó˚ Ù§!çò ôÁǧ Úxy•zˆÏlÓ˚ =Ó˚&ï˛Ó˚ °AâlÛ ˆ¢£Ï ˆ˛õˆÏÓ˚ܲ ˛õ%шÏï˛ !ò°–
!•§yˆÏÓ í˛zˆÏÕ‘á ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚G 2É77 ~ܲÓ˚ ç!ÙÓ˚ ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚yê˛y•z Ó˚yÙ°y°y lˆÏÓ˚w ˆÙy!ò §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ à,•#ï˛ ~ܲy!ôܲ !§k˛yˆÏhs˝Ó˚ !ÓÓ˚&ˆÏk˛
!ÓÓ˚yçÙylˆÏܲ !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆòGÎ˚yÎ˚ §%!≤ÃÙ ˆÜ˛yê≈˛ ï˛Ìƒ G xy•zˆÏlÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ¢#£Ï≈ xyòy°ˆÏï˛ xˆÏlܲ=!° xyˆÏÓòl òyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ– ~Ó˚
ˆ˛õÔÓ˚y!îܲ Ù•yܲyˆÏÓƒÓ˚ !ÓŸªy§ˆÏܲ•z ˆÓ!¢ =Ó˚&c !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ ÓˆÏ° ÙˆÏôƒ ~ܲy!ôܲ =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈ ÙyÙ°yÎ˚ §%!≤ÃÙ ˆÜ˛yˆÏê≈˛Ó˚ Ë)˛!ÙܲyÎ˚ ≤ß¿
~•z ≤ß¿!ê˛ §ÓyÓ˚ ÙˆÏl í˛zˆÏë˛ˆÏSÈ– 1857 §y° ˛õÎ≈hs˝ Ù§!çò í˛zˆÏë˛ˆÏSÈ– ç¡ø% G ܲyŸ¬#ˆÏÓ˚ §yÇ!Óôy!lܲ ÙÎ≈yòy ≤Ãï˛ƒy•yÓ˚ñ lyà!Ó˚ܲc
Ù%§!°ÙˆÏòÓ˚ òáˆÏ° !SÈ° !ܲly ~Ùl ≤ÃÙyî Î!ò Ù%§!°ÙˆÏòÓ˚ !òˆÏï˛ §ÇˆÏ¢yôl# xy•zˆÏl ôÙ#≈Î˚ ˛õ!Ó˚!ã˛!ï˛ Î%_´ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ~ÓÇ 370 Ó˚ˆÏòÓ˚
•Î˚ñ ï˛ˆÏÓ ~ܲ•z Ùy˛õܲy!ë˛ !•®%ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏeG ˆï˛y ≤ÈÏÎyçƒ •GÎ˚y ˛õÓ˚ ܲyŸ¬#!Ó˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆ•!ÓÎ˚y§ ܲ˛õ≈yˆÏ§Ó˚ xy!ç≈ ≤ÃË,˛!ï˛ §Ç!Óôyl
í˛z!ã˛Í– °AâˆÏlÓ˚ =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈ ÙyÙ°y=!°Ó˚ ÷ly!l ~álG !l‹õ!_ •Î˚!l–

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