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¢yÓ˚ò §yÌ# •y!ï˛Î˚yÓ˚ 2020

Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ !¢“ °%ê˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyˆÏFSÈñ ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓ˚yô•z

~ܲÙye ˛õÌ

ò#˛õܲ !Ùe

˲yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ xÌ≈l#!ï˛ˆÏï˛ Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ !¢“ÈüȧÇfliyÓ˚ =Ó˚&c x˛õ!Ó˚§#Ù !¢“=!°ˆÏܲ Óƒ!_´àï˛ í˛zˆÏòƒyˆÏà àˆÏí˛¸ ˆï˛y°yÓ˚ fl∫yô#lï˛y ˆòGÎ˚y
~•z §ï˛ƒˆÏܲ ˆÜ˛í˛z xfl∫#ܲyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ly– xÌ≈l#!ï˛Ó˚ Ó%!lÎ˚yò •ˆÏÎ˚!SÈ°– Ó°yÓy‡°ƒñ ~•z !¢“l#!ï˛Ó˚ ˲yÓ˚§yÙƒ Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚
G xÌ≈˜Ïl!ï˛Ü˛ §yÓ≈ˆÏ˲ÔÙˆÏcÓ˚ ≤Ãôyl !˲!_ Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ !¢“ÈüȧÇfliy– xyl%Ü)˛ˆÏ°ƒ•z !SÈ°– 1956 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ !¢“l#!ï˛ˆÏï˛ ˙ ôyÓ˚y ˆÎÙl
˲yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ •z!ï˛•y§ §%ò#â≈– !Ó !ê˛¢ Å˛õ!lˆÏÓ!¢Ü˛ ÓçyÎ˚ !SÈ° ˆï˛Ù!l˲yˆÏÓ Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ ≤çyˆÏÓ˚ xyÓ˚G ˆÓ!¢
¢y§lܲy° ˆÌˆÏܲ•z Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ §)ã˛ly •ˆÏÎ˚!SÈ°– 1945 §yˆÏ° =Ó˚&c ˆòGÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚!SÈ°– ˆ§•z §ÙˆÏÎ˚ !Ó˛õ%° ˛õ!Ó˚ÙyˆÏî ˛õ%Ñ!ç
≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!SÈ° ˆÓyˆÏ¡∫ ≤’ƒylñ ˆ§áyˆÏl §%!l!ò≈‹T˲yˆÏÓ §%˛õy!Ó˚¢ !Ó!lˆÏÎ˚yˆÏàÓ˚ §yô Óy §yôƒ ˆÜ˛ylê˛y•z !SÈ° ly Ó,•Í ˛õ%Ñ!ç˛õ!ï˛ˆÏòÓ˚–
ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚!SÈ°ñ !¢“ ≤çyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ çlƒ ܲÎ˚°yñ !Óò%ƒÍñ •zflõyï˛ñ ˆÓ˚° ˆ§•z «˛Ùï˛y !SÈ° Ó˚yˆÏ‹T…Ó˚– ˆ§•z ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî•z Ó,•Í !¢“ àˆÏí˛¸ ï%˛°ˆÏï˛
ˆÎyàyˆÏÎyà ÓƒÓfliy •zï˛ƒy!ò Ó˚yˆÏ‹T…Ó˚ í˛zˆÏòƒyˆÏà•z àˆÏí˛¸ ˆï˛y°y ˛õ%Ñ!ç˛õ!ï˛Ó˚y•z Ó˚yˆÏ‹T…Ó˚ G˛õÓ˚ òy!Î˚c x˛õ≈î ܲˆÏÓ˚!SÈ°– 1994ÈüÈ95
≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl– G•z ≤’ƒyˆÏlÓ˚ Ó˚ã˛!Î˚ï˛y !SȈϰl ˆç xyÓ˚ !í˛ ê˛yê˛yñ !ç !í˛ §yˆÏ°Ó˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ ï˛Ìƒ ˆÌˆÏܲ çyly ÎyÎ˚ ˆÎñ ˆ§•z §ÙˆÏÎ˚
!Óí˛¸°yñ ◊#Ó˚yÙ ≤ÃË,˛!ï˛ !Ó!¢‹T !¢“˛õ!ï˛– 1947 §yˆÏ° ˆò¢ fl∫yô#l §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ !lÎ˚!sfï˛ Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ !¢“ÈüȧÇfliy !SÈ° 246!ê˛ ~ÓÇ §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
•GÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ˆÓyˆÏ¡∫ ≤’ƒyl xl%§Ó˚î ܲˆÏÓ˚•z çyï˛#Î˚ xÌ≈˜Ïl!ï˛Ü˛ !Ó!lˆÏÎ˚yˆÏàÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚Ùyl !SÈ° 1ñ64ñ332 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy– 2011ÈüÈ12
˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“ly ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •ˆÏÎ˚!SÈ°– 1948 §yˆÏ° fl∫yô#l ˲yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ §yˆÏ° Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ !¢“ÈüȧÇfliyÓ˚ §Çáƒy òÑy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏSÈ ≤ÃyÎ˚ ~ܲ •yçyÓ˚–
ˆÎ !¢“l#!ï˛ @˝Ã•î ܲˆÏÓ˚!SÈ° ï˛yÓ˚ Ù)° ܲÌy•z !SÈ° Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ ˆ«˛ˆÏeÓ˚ ~•z ˛õˆÏÌ•z Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ ≤çyÓ˚ âˆÏê˛ˆÏSÈ ~ÓÇ ~ܲê˛y §ÙÎ˚ ˛õÎ≈hs˝
í˛z_ˆÏÓ˚y_Ó˚ Óƒy!Æ âê˛yˆÏly ~ÓÇ Óƒ!_´àï˛ ˆ«˛ˆÏeÓ˚ í˛zˆÏòƒyàˆÏܲ •zflõyï˛ñ ܲÎ˚°yñ ˆ˛õˆÏê˛Δy!°Î˚yÙñ ˲yÓ˚# ÎsfyÇ¢ñ ˲yÓ˚# Ó˚§yÎ˚lñ
˛õ!Ó˚ܲ!“ï˛ xÌ≈l#!ï˛Ó˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçl xl%§yˆÏÓ˚ ˛õ%l!Ó≈lƒy§ ܲÓ˚y– G•z •zˆÏ°Ü˛ê˛Δ!l: •zï˛ƒy!ò !¢“ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ≤ÃÌÙ fliyˆÏl ˆÌˆÏܲˆÏSÈ– ˛õy¢y˛õy!¢
!¢“l#!ï˛ˆÏܲ ã˛yÓ˚!ê˛ Ë˛yˆÏà ˲yà ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚!SÈ°– ≤ÃÌÙ Ë˛yˆÏà !SÈ° ˲yÓ˚ï˛ ˆ•!˲ •zˆÏ°Ü˛!ê˛Δܲƒy°§ñ !•®%fliyl !fiê˛°ñ ~•zã˛ ~Ù !ê˛ñ ~l
xflf G §ÙˆÏÓ˚y˛õܲÓ˚î !lÙ≈yî !¢“ñ xyl!Óܲ ¢!_´ G ˆÓ˚° !ê˛ !˛õ !§ ≤ÃË,˛!ï˛ Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ !¢“ÈüÈ §Çfliy=!° ˲yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ !¢“ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe
˛õ!Ó˚Ó•l– !mï˛#Î˚˲yˆÏà !SÈ° ˆ°Ô•ñ •zflõyï˛ñ ܲÎ˚°yñ !Óò%ƒÍñ á!lç ò,ì˛¸ !˲!_ ≤Û!ï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏSÈ– !Óò%ƒÍ !¢ˆÏ“ ˆË˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ ò«˛ï˛y ~ÓÇ
ˆï˛°ñ !ÓÙylÓ®Ó˚ !lÙ≈yî G ˆê˛!°Ü˛!Ùí˛z!lˆÏܲ¢ˆÏlÓ˚ ≤çyÓ˚ ˆÎyàƒï˛y xyhs≈˝çy!ï˛Ü˛ fl∫#Ü,˛!ï˛ °y˲ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏSÈ– ~ܲ•z˲yˆÏÓ Ó˚Ñy!ã˛Ó˚
âê˛yˆÏly– ï,˛ï˛#Î˚˲yˆÏà !SÈ° 18!ê˛ ÙyV˛y!Ó˚ !¢“ ˆÎÙlñ ˆÙyê˛Ó˚Îylñ ˆ•!˲ •z!O!lÎ˚y!Ó˚Ç Ü˛ˆÏ˛õ≈yˆÏÓ˚¢l G !•®%fliyl ˆÙ!¢l ê%˛°§ ˲y!Ó˚
ê˛ΔyQÓ˚ñ ˲yÓ˚# Îsfñ ˲yÓ˚# Ó˚§yÎ˚lñ §yÓ˚ñ Ó˚yÓyÓ˚ñ Óflf G ˛õ¢Ùñ !§ˆÏÙrê˛ Îsf˛õy!ï˛ !lÙ≈yˆÏî !ӈϢ£Ï Ü,˛!ï˛c xç≈l ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏSÈ– àÓ≈ ܲÓ˚y ÎyÎ˚ñ
G ܲyàçñ !ã˛!lñ °Óîñ á!lç ˛õòyÌ≈ñ ≤Ã!ï˛Ó˚«˛y §Ç!Ÿ’‹T !¢“ñ ˲yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ Ó˚y‹T…yÎ˚_ í˛zˆÏòƒyˆÏà §Ê˛° Ù•yܲy¢ àˆÏÓ£Ïîyñ ˛õyÓ˚Ùyl!Óܲ
!ÓÙyl ˛õ!Ó˚Ó•l •zï˛ƒy!ò ˆ«˛e=!°– ã˛ï%˛Ì≈˲yˆÏà xÓ!¢‹T ¢!_´ àˆÏÓ£Ïîyñ Ü,˛!£Ï G !¢“ àˆÏÓ£Ïîy •zï˛ƒy!ò– ܲÙ≈§ÇfliyˆÏlÓ˚

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