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than what he sold. Is the son allowed to continue to work for him and silently acquiescing, he would be aiding falsehood and deception. On
thereby be an accomplice to his theft, or is he obligated to notify the the other hand, if he would stop his friend from cheating, it would
customers? cause hatred between them. What should he have done?
I presented the case to my revered father-in-law, Rav Y. S. Elyashiv
zt”l, who told me that in both cases it is forbidden for the child to 1 AnsweR
remain silent. The daughter [in the first case] must say to her father:
“You taught me that it is forbidden to steal and I am obligated to If the good grade that was dishonestly earned does not affect or harm
inform the hospital guards.” She should not desist because of a loss anybody in the world, but saves the student from shame, then his
of her income [if she is fired], since we are not dealing here with a friend can turn a blind eye. Chazal teach that it is permitted to de-
financial loss but rather with forgoing future income. Also, she is ceive and alter the truth in order to save one’s friend from shame. In
prohibited from working as a nurse with stolen supplies. maseches Sanhedrin (11a) Rabban Gamliel asked for seven men to add
See the commentary of Rabbeinu Nissim (the Ran) on the Talmud a month onto the year. In the morning he found eight men. “He who
(Kiddushin 13, in the pages of the Rif), in which he says: It is difficult came without permission should leave,” Rabban Gamliel announced.
to understand the story of Dama ben Nesina, who was willing to for- Shmuel Hakatan rose and said: “It is I who came without permission.
go an enormous business deal for the sake of his father’s honor [who I did not come to add a month to the year but to obtain practical
had the key to the chest under his pillow but was fast asleep]. Why halachic guidance.” “Sit, my son,” responded Rabban Gamliel. “You are
did he not wake him, if to honor one’s father one may take from one’s worthy of adding a month to all the years, but our Sages said that
father in order to benefit him? He answers that, 1) “The costs of hon- only men who were invited to do so can add a month to the year.” In
oring one’s father are borne by the father” refers to his honor. When truth, it was not Shmuel Hakatan but another person who had en-
it comes to causing him distress, however, one must be prepared to tered without permission. As Rashi explains, Shmuel Hakatan placed
lose all of one’s money in order not to distress the father. And 2) “The the blame on himself so as not to shame his fellow.
costs in honoring one’s father are borne by the father” refers to the According to this Gemara, there is good reason to rule that the
case where the son loses money, but in Dama ben Nesina’s case, the student should look away and allow his friend to copy from him.
son did not lose money but, rather, future income. As we see in the Gemara, it is even permissible to tell an outright
So, too, in our case, the daughter must forgo her own income and lie to prevent another person’s shame. (These words do not apply to
must warn her father not to steal, even if she loses her job and her the teacher, who is obligated to ensure that the test is administered
livelihood. Both the aforementioned reasons apply here: She is both honestly.)
preventing her father from shame, and only forgoing her future in-
come [rather than taking a loss]. It may require further study, whether This only applies if the cheating does not cause any harm to others.
forgoing future income is halachically considered loss of money, but in However, if as a result of his success in these exams he will receive a
any event the daughter must do everything to prevent her father from degree from which he will profit, then the cheater has violated the To-
stealing and also avoid disgracing him and putting him to shame. rah law of “Distance yourself from a false matter.” It is every person’s
obligation to prevent this. He who helps him is viewed as one who
Similarly, in the case of the grocery store, the son must tell his fa- shares the profits of a thief.
ther: “You are the one who taught me not to steal!” And if his words
have no effect, the son should stop working there. 

264 1 Medical-HalacHic Responsa of Rav ZilbeRstein Publicizing an inaccurate medical bulletin 2 269