Page 20 - International Space Station Benefits for Humanity, 3rd edition.

solution in an area where there is little incentive accessibility were all potential factors considered in
for other government, commercial, and/or the economic valuation. The assessment included
academic investment?” both retrospective and prospective economic benefits
Assessment of humankind/social value was developed related to each case.
by analyzing factors including, but not limited to, quality These three dimensions of value can be tied back to
of life improvements, health benefits, environmental the iceberg illustration. Innovative value is a measure
benefits, cultural and community cohesion, inspiration, of the potential impact of the new knowledge and
and the effects the submitted case may potentially have technical “know-how” being generated through
upon current and future generations. The impact that ISS research and development efforts. Prospective
the case may potentially have upon society as well as economic and social value are measures of the
personal and property rights were also considered key emerging scientific theories, computer models
elements in the evaluation of humankind benefits. and technological breakthroughs rising out of
Assessment of economic value was based on the that potentiality toward concrete application.
analysis of publicly available information related to the Finally, retrospective economic and social benefits
submitted cases, including but not limited to domestic rising above the water line, such as companies
and internationally sourced economic evaluations, formed, products brought to market, and lives
academic sources and industrial sources related to impacted, indicate the “early returns” of our ISS
the submitted cases. Economic indicators such as investment—benefits already demonstrating value
market penetration, revenue generation, cost-benefit at this time.
analysis, future industry outlook and limitations on

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