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when service is awarded to the team becomes the first
server.

3. A.12. Starting Server – For each doubles team, the player
designated to serve first at the start of the game. In
doubles tournament play, the starting server shall
wear a visible form of identification determined by the
tournament director.

3. A.13. Groundstroke – Hitting the ball after one bounce.

3. A.14. Half Volley – A groundstroke that contacts the ball
immediately after it bounces and before the ball
reaches its full height.

3. A.15. Hinder – Any element or occurrence outside of the
player’s control that impacts play. Example: a stray ball
that enters the court during play.

3. A.16. Left/Odd Court – The service area on the left side of
the court, when facing the net. The starting server in
doubles or the singles server should be positioned on
the left/odd side of the court when his or her score is
odd.

3. A.17. Let – A serve or rally that must be replayed for any
reason.

3. A.18. Lob – A high and deep shot that is intended to force
the opposing side back to the baseline.

3. A.19. Non-Volley Zone (NVZ) – The 7-foot-by-20-foot area
adjacent to each side of the net. All lines bounding the
NVZ are part of the NVZ. The NVZ is two-dimensional
and does not rise above the playing surface. See Figure
2-1 and Section 2.B.3.

3. A.20. Overhead Slam/Smash – A hard overhand shot.

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USAPA & IFP Official Tournament Rulebook