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IT Network
Defining a Network
The simplest definition of a network in the IT context is a means of connecting two or more
computers for the purposes of sharing information. A network generally has three key
characteristics: topology, architecture, and protocols. This section explains each and offers
examples. It also introduces concepts including the layered service mode, remote network
access, and network defense.
There are three main types of networks: local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks
(MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). An organization’s size and geographical footprint will
typically determine which type is most suitable. LANs are utilized to communicate within or
between floors of a building; MANs are intended to communicate within buildings within a campus
or city; and a WAN enables communication within multiple cities, states, or even countries. Any
system or device, such as a PC, a laptop, or a mobile device, connected to a network is referred
to as a node.
Topology
The topology of a network depicts how it is physically and logically arranged. Bus, star, ring, or
hybrid topologies, as shown in Figure 6, are common examples.
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