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lobal supply chains have been
           under pressure from trade disputes,
           cyberattacks, and commodity price
           fluctuations since before 2020.
 G Pandemic lockdowns exacerbated
  problems, throwing gaps in supply chain
  management into sharp relief.
    A 2021 Economic Intelligence Unit survey of
  about 400 senior supply chain and procurement
  executives in the US and Europe found that
  businesses suffered reputational damage and that
  supply chain disruptions also cost them an average
  of 6% to 10% of annual revenues in 2020 and the
  two years before.
    In 2020, the top priority to address supply chain
  issues was better analytics and information
  management, according to management
  consultancy The Hackett Group. That includes
  digital tools to analyse and visualise data, and tools
  to analyse demand patterns, optimise sourcing and
  production, and measure warehouse and logistics
  performance.
    “There was a lot of human glue: throwing
  resources at problems that could have been
  automated or assisted [by technology],” said Brian
  Higgins, leader of KPMG’s supply chain and
  operations business in the US.
    Three years after the start of the pandemic,
  inflationary pressures, more frequent and severe
  natural disasters, and the Russia-Ukraine war have
  “amplified the need for modernisation and
  addressing the tech deficit”, Higgins said. “The
  reality is,” he added, “there’s been such a pent-up
  demand for these supply chain transformations.”
    Today’s emerging supply chain technologies
  range from automation that combines artificial
  intelligence, machine learning, and robotic process
  automation (RPA) to the internet of things (IoT) in
       IMAGE BY NAMTHIP MUANTHONGTHAE/GETTY IMAGES IMAGE BY JIRI STUDNICKY/GETTY IMAGES
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