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Obstacles to progress
Challenges, Realities & Distortions
Landlocked developing countries
“ Landlocked developing countries (LLDC) are developing countries that are landlocked.
The economic and other disadvantages experienced by such countries makes the
majority of landlocked countries Least Developed Countries (LDCs), with inhabitants of
these occupying the bottom billion tier of the world's population in terms of poverty
Apart from Europe, there is not a single successful highly developed landlocked country
as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI), and nine of the twelve countries
with the lowest HDI scores are landlocked.
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Landlocked countries experience economic growth 6% less than their non-landlocked
countries, holding other variables constant.
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HDI levels decrease as one moves inland along the major transit route that runs from the
coast of Kenya, across the country before going through Uganda, Rwanda and then
finally Burundi.
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The three major factors that LLDCs are dependent on their transit neighbours are
dependence on transit infrastructure dependence on political relations with neighbours,
and dependence on internal peace and stability within transit neighbours. “
Current LLDCs in Africa (16 countries out of 32 globally)
Botswana Chad Malawi South Sudan
Burkina Faso Eswatini Mali Uganda
Burundi Ethiopia Niger Zambia
CAR Lesotho Rwanda Zimbabwe
"Landlocked Developing Countries."; Wikipedia 50
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