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21 century m'zuŋ u ‘neo-colonialism’

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Control through Dependency
base in Djibouti is hosting troops from Germany and Spain. On the other hand, some of the
parties to the GCC crisis, such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, have established
military bases in Eritrea and Somaliland, while Somalia is hosting Turkish troops. Furthermore,
the US has been increasingly involved in the fight against "terror" groups in the Sahel, providing
arms and military training to the governments of the region.

"Are We Witnessing a 'New Scramble for Africa'? 209
Al Jazeera." (March 2018)

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The New Scramble for Africa
With the new millennium, there was a new scramble for Africa, pitting America against

China.

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America is losing ground and ceding economic opportunity a decade earlier, and only a
very small proportion of that came from the United States.

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The Chinese competitors are securing long-term contracts that could lock American
companies and interests out of fast-growing African markets for decades to come.

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There is a scramble for Africa, and Turkey is very much part of this. In the past few years

Turkey has opened 31 embassies across Africa, including one in Mali in 2010.

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Ankara has also been increasing voicing concerns regarding the intervention by French
forces against an Islamic insurgency in Mali.

“The New Scramble for Africa.” 210
Accessed January 14, 2021.
https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/africa-scramble.htm.

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The new scramble for Africa
The extent of foreign engagement is unprecedented. Start with diplomacy. From 2010 to 2016
more than 320 embassies were opened in Africa, probably the biggest embassy-building boom
anywhere, ever. Turkey alone opened 26. Last year India announced it would open 18. Military

ties are deepening, too. America and France are lending muscle and technology to the struggle
against jihadism in the Sahel. China is now the biggest arms seller to sub-Saharan Africa and