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21 century m'zuŋ u ‘neo-colonialism’
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Control through Dependency
has defence-technology ties with 45 countries. Russia has signed 19 military deals with
African states since 2014. Oil-rich Arab states are building bases on the Horn of Africa and
hiring African mercenaries.
"The New Scramble for Africa." 211
The Economist, (March 2019)

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What a new scramble could mean for Africans
When great powers vied for access and influence in central Africa in the 19th century,
they nearly destroyed it.

Russia is reportedly sending soldiers and military aid to the Central African Republic in

return for mining rights, and sending military advisers to neighboring Congo. Such
initiatives challenge the influence of China, the European Union and the United States, all

of which have invested billions of dollars in the expanding African economy.

But Africa should be wary of such major investments by the world's most powerful
nations. Historically, when external powers have eyed Africa and seen it as a source for

raw materials or markets, Africans themselves often pay the price.

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African nations in need of outside funds are in danger of again becoming subordinated

to powerful nations and commercial interests to the long-term detriment of their own
people.

"Perspective | What a New Scramble Could Mean for Africans." 212
Harms, Robert. Washington Post. (December 2019)
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The m'zungu competitors for Africa?

Geopolitics

To understand the role neo-colonialism is playing and will play in Africa we need to first
understand how the world economic order has changed and will continue to change, and

the pressures these changes make for the 'would be neo-colonialists'.
During the period 1960-1980, those years of African Independence and the decades

of post-independence chaos, the USA had some 40% of global GDP. Every country had to

do business on American terms - or else, like Cuba and others, suffer the consequences.
This period of dominance was a 'one off', something that could not last. Built on the

post-war period when all other major industrialised countries had seen their industrial