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Changes!

Commentary

African Traditions Online Encyclopedia Wiki. "AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGIONS AND THE PROMOTION

OF COMMUNITY-LIVING IN AFRICA."

History Textbook “Christian Missionary Activities in West Africa”
https://wasscehistorytextbook.com/6-christian-missionary-activities-in-west-africa/.

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The powerful and the powerless

Colonial rule was never about helping the Africans.

Colonial powers did not build the infrastructure necessary for a nation state. What they did

was to build a dependency - Walter Rodney highlighted this in his 1972 book ‘How Europe
Underdeveloped Africa’.

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Colonial regimes abolished slavery but replaced it with forced labour schemes

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Colonial powers brought war to Africa on a level never seen before. First, they waged war
on the Africans. Then they fought with each other in Africa. And then they dragged

Africans into their own European wars. Throughout all this, Africans died. Killed either by
the m’zungu or for m’zungu causes.

For the background to the above commentary, please refer to :

Nunn, Nathan, and Nancy Qian. "The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas."
Journal of Economic Perspectives 24, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 163–88.
https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.2.163.

and
“A short history of the African Slave Trade” by Alastair Boddy Evans which draws from various works
but in particular those of Nathan Nunn, Frederic E. Abbe Professor of Economics at Harvard University

and

"Berlin Conference - Wikipedia." Accessed June 17, 2020.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference.

and

British, French, Belgian and Portuguese Models of Colonial ; Rule and Economic Development in Africa;
Ngozi Caleb Kamalu, Ph.D