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Meteorology
3.9.6 Flying over mountain areas ................................................................... 333
3.9.6.1 Mountain waves ...................................................... ………………………. 333
3.9.7 Runway condition ................................................................................. 335
3.9.7.1 Runway Condition Report (RCR) ........................................................ 335
3.9.7.2 Runway Condition Report .................................................................. 337
3.9.7.3 ATIS ................................................................................................... 338
3.9.7.4 Symbols on weather charts ............................................................... 338
3.10 Climatology ............................................................................................... 339
3.10.1 The climate in Europe .............................................................................339
3.11 Meteorological information ...................................................................... 341
3.11.1 NorthAviMet .........................................................................................341
3.11.2 Meteorologist’s tools ............................................................................342
3.11.3 Weather informations for flight preparation .........................................343
3.11.3.1 Analysis charts ................................................................................ 343
3.11.3.2 SIG-WX ........................................................................................... 344
3.11.3.3 LOW Level Forecast ........................................................................ 346
3.11.3.4 Observations – current weather ..................................................... 349
3.11.4 Weather – abbreviations and symbols...................................................351
3.11.4.1 Abbreviations and symbols on Significant Weather Chart ............... 351
3.11.4.2 Cloud symbols ................................................................................ 352
3.11.4.3 Weather phenomenon abbreviations ............................................. 353
3.11.4.4 Other weather symbols .................................................................. 354
3.11.5 TAF, METAR, TREND, SPECI ....................................................................354
3.11.5.1 METAR (Meteorological Aerodrome Report) .................................. 355
3.11.5.2 CAVOK and SPECI ........................................................................... 358
3.11.5.3 MET REPORT and SPECI .................................................................. 358
3.11.5.4 METAR from automatic observations ............................................. 358
3.11.5.5 TREND (Trend Forecast).................................................................. 359
3.11.5.6 NOSIG, BECMG, TEMPO .................................................................. 360
3.11.5.7 NSW, NSC ....................................................................................... 361
3.11.5.8 TAF (Terminal Aerodrome Forecast) ............................................... 361
3.11.5.9 SNOWTAM ..................................................................................... 362
3.11.5.10 Weather information during flight .................................................. 363
Flight Theory PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© marts 2026 212
