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P. 797

Navigation

9.4.3.2 Information on the ICAO map ....................................................... 824

9.4.3.3 Scale and scale indication .............................................................. 826

9.4.3.4 Altitude indications on the map .................................................... 827
9.5 Direction description ........................................................................... 830

9.5.1 Reference direction ............................................................................ 830
9.5.1.1 Reference line ............................................................................... 831

9.5.2 Geographic north / true north and magnetic north ............................ 831

9.5.2.1 Geographic north / true north (TN) ............................................... 831
9.5.2.2 Magnetic north (MN) .................................................................... 832

9.5.3 The Earth’s magnetic field .................................................................. 833

9.5.3.1 Inclination ..................................................................................... 833
9.5.4 Variation ............................................................................................ 834

9.5.4.1 Isogons.......................................................................................... 836

9.5.4.2 Variation on the ICAO map ............................................................ 836
9.5.4.3 Agonic line .................................................................................... 837

9.6 The influence of magnetism on the aircraft ...................................... 837

9.6.1 Deviation and compass north ............................................................. 837

9.6.1.1 Compass north (CN) ...................................................................... 838

9.6.1.2 Deviation ...................................................................................... 838
9.6.1.3 Deviation table .............................................................................. 838

9.6.1.4 Error display on the magnetic compass ......................................... 839

9.6.1.5 Using the magnetic compass and heading gyro in practice ............ 839
9.6.2 Overview – all together ...................................................................... 840

9.6.3 Measuring routes on the map ............................................................ 840

9.6.3.1 True Track (TT) .............................................................................. 840

9.6.3.2 Distance ........................................................................................ 841
9.6.3.3 Overview - table ............................................................................ 843

9.6.3.4 ”Can Dead Men Vote Twice” ......................................................... 843

9.6.3.5 Heading and track ......................................................................... 845
9.6.3.6 Speed Knots (kt) ............................................................................ 846

9.7 Flying in the wind…………... ................................................................... 846

9.7.1 The wind triangle ............................................................................... 846

9.7.1.1 Heading......................................................................................... 848

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