Page 799 - PPL BEG-engelsk

P. 799

Navigation

9.8.3.3 From IAS to CAS ............................................................................ 862

9.8.3.4 From pressure altitude and temperature to density altitude ......... 863
9.8.3.5 Converting degrees ....................................................................... 863

9.8.3.6 Converting units ............................................................................ 863

9.8.4 Using the computer in practice........................................................... 867
9.9 Radio navigation………... ....................................................................... 872

9.9.1 VDF (VHF Direction Finder) ................................................................. 872
9.9.1.1 Bearings from VDF ........................................................................ 872

9.9.1.2 Communication when requesting a bearing .................................. 873

9.9.1.3 Range and frequency protection ................................................... 873
9.9.1.4 Inaccuracy ..................................................................................... 874

9.9.2 ADF and radio beacons (NDB and locators) ........................................ 874

9.9.2.1 ADF bearing .................................................................................. 875
9.9.2.2 The ADF receiver ........................................................................... 877

9.9.2.3 Navigation by beacon .................................................................... 878

9.9.2.4 Navigation by beacon– homing and tracking ................................. 879
9.9.2.5 Range ............................................................................................ 880

9.9.2.6 Errors and inaccuracies ................................................................. 880

9.9.2.7 RMI ............................................................................................... 881
9.9.3 VOR .................................................................................................... 881

9.9.3.1 Ground part – transmitter and antenna......................................... 881

9.9.3.2 The aircraft part - NAV-radio and indicator .................................... 882
9.9.3.3 Heading, radial inbound, radial outbound ..................................... 884

9.9.3.4 Navigation by VOR ........................................................................ 885

9.9.3.5 Range, accuracy and limitations .................................................... 888
9.9.4 HSI...................................................................................................... 890

9.9.5 DME ................................................................................................... 890

9.9.5.1 DME receiver ................................................................................ 890

9.9.5.2 DME – range, accuracy and limitations .......................................... 890

9.10 GNSS systems – in general .................................................................. 891
9.10.1 How GNSS systems work .................................................................... 892

9.10.2 Precision and accuracy ....................................................................... 893

794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804