Page 117 - Big Data Analytics for Connected Vehicles and Smart Cities

98 Big Data Analytics for Connected Vehicles and Smart Cities Smart Cities 99

of people that have access to the information services. The term space is used as
a proxy for any parameter that describes the extent to which the service is avail-
able in the region. The term time is of course related to the period over which
the service is evolved over the city. Once the evolution of services over a city has
been defined, it is possible to define projects and programs that will result in
the implementation of the service. The advantage of using the service evolution
approach is ensuring that the implementation and funding are closely related
to values and benefits. While projects and programs are required to implement
services, it is the services that deliver the value and benefits. This service ap-
proach also facilitates marketing and public outreach to explain what is being
done in the city what the value will be to the user.

Implement Phase 1
The implementation plan will have defined the first phase of implementation
for the smart city. During phase 1 implementations it is important to attain
early results, define the value being delivered, communicate success to partners
and to the public, and monitor results. Formative and summative evaluation
should be conducted on the phase 1 evaluation with formative evaluation used
for project management and near real-time feedback, and summative evalua-
tion used as a feed-forward mechanism to the next phase of deployment.

Learn
The results of the formative and summative evaluations are used to develop a
series of practical lessons learned and experiences gained that will be used to
inform subsequent deployment. This information will also be used to support
outreach activities and to act as a guide for revising the big picture. This will
result in the definition of a phase 2 implementation.

Continuous Smart City Implementation
Smart City implementation will continue in phases beyond phases one and
two. The number of phases required relate to budget constraints and the avail-
ability of city resources to manage and deliver the projects.

5.7 Smart City Frameworks

In defining the big picture as part of the service evolution approach it is neces-
sary to address technology, organization, and a business plan. It is worthwhile
to consider this in more detail as these frameworks are crucial to the success of
advanced technology implementations in past projects.