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150 Big Data Analytics for Connected Vehicles and Smart Cities The Practical Application of Analytics to Transportation 151

performance management across all modes and across large geographic areas.
The current state of the art of performance management in the United States
focuses on measurement with less resources being placed on the other steps in
the chain. However, money spent on data collection will not necessarily result
in benefits unless the entire chain is addressed. Accordingly, it is vital to mon-
etize the effort involved in performance measurement and ensure that it leads
to actionable strategies for measurable improvements in the way that the enter-
prise operates, rather than just individual departments.

7.17 Why Does Performance Management Make a Good Departure
Point for a Smart City?

As the old management adage goes, “If you cannot measure it then you can-
not manage it.” Performance management makes a good departure point for
a smart city because of the ability provided to transportation service provid-
ers and city managers to measure and manage transportation service delivery.
These days we would add something to the adage: “If you cannot measure it,
you cannot manage it, and if you’re only measuring it, you are still not manag-
ing it.” A critical point in performance management is to make a difference,
and just collecting data and reporting the information does not make a differ-
ence unless you take it the whole way toward action, strategy application, and
reaction based on the new insights.
A comprehensive approach to performance management within a smart
city can achieve these objectives and provide the basis for insight and under-
standing that will guide the establishment and operation of smart city trans-
portation services in the most cost-effective and efficient manner. One of the
critical reasons that performance management is important as a departure point
for a smart city initiative is that it provides the ability to build a business case
for investment. This includes sunk investment and future planned investment.
The performance management system also provides the basis for ensuring that
operations and service delivery are optimized, and every dollar provided for
these is clearly subjected to high-quality stewardship.

7.18 Performance Management Analytics and Their Practical
Application

Table 7.5 shows a sample of services that can be supported by performance
management. Table 7.5 also lists a range of analytics that could be used, along
with some notes on the practical application of those analytics.