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66 Big Data Analytics for Connected Vehicles and Smart Cities Connected and Autonomous Vehicles 67

Figure 4.7 Roadmap depicting a possible evolution of cloud-based and DSRC services.

and then in-vehicle services are assumed to rollout between 2016 and 2021 as
depicted by the dark shaded areas in Figure 4.7. This is followed by regional
DSRC infrastructure implementation, which in turn is followed by national
DSRC infrastructure implementation. This is assumed to rollout from 2021 to
2026 as indicated by Figure 4.7’s dark shading. The goal is a completely con-
nected vehicle fleet across the entire nation. This is achieved from 2027 until
2036 as represented by the dark shaded areas in Figure 4.7. DSRC rollout is as-
sumed to come later in the evolution because of the need to install DSRC trans-
ceivers at every major intersection in the United States. The timelines represent
my best estimate of how the rollout will proceed based on discussions with
clients, participation in conferences, and a general assessment of the market.
Approaches to the challenge should also take account of the need to select
technology approaches that are coordinated to the life cycle of the device to
which they are to be installed. Typical life cycles are listed as follows:

• Road: 30–50 years;
• Vehicle: 10–15 years;
• Smart phone: 9–18 months.