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68 Big Data Analytics for Connected Vehicles and Smart Cities Connected and Autonomous Vehicles 69

Figure 4.9 Google autonomous vehicle.

Autonomous vehicles are in various stages of testing, with most manu-
facturers agreeing that they will be on the market within the next five to eight
years. Autonomous technology can also be applied to freight vehicles. Figure
4.10 shows a road train of Volvo trucks that made use of autonomous vehicle
technology to travel across Europe.
As part of a 2016 European truck platooning challenge organized by the
Netherlands and showcased at the intertraffic exhibition in Amsterdam, au-
tomated trucks from several manufacturers, including DAF, Daimler, Iveco,

Figure 4.10 Autonomous truck platoon, Amsterdam.