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78 Big Data Analytics for Connected Vehicles and Smart Cities Connected and Autonomous Vehicles 79

They show that Airbiquity had more than six million connected subscriptions
in 2015. Over three billion connected card transactions have been processed to
date, averaging 250 million transactions per month worldwide. They are sup-
porting more than 100 million transactions per month [18].

4.13 Summary

It is obvious that the connected vehicle, at least in the eyes of the private sector,
now exists. The main focus of the private sector is now on how to monetize the
connected vehicle. It is not yet clear whether this initiative will be driven by
consumer electronics and information technology companies, or by automotive
manufacturers. While there is some variation and a lack of standardization in
many of the approaches, it should be assumed that the connected vehicle is here
to stay and that public perception and regulations will fall into line with market
forces. With respect to public sector strategies and activities, it is necessary to
recognize the existence and extent of connected vehicle initiatives in the private
sector. It is also prudent to engage some of the key private sector players to
provide further understanding of their business directions and motivations and
explore the possibilities for two-way data information exchange agreements.
The connected vehicle is a major focus for both federal and private sector
investment. The ability to establish a reliable two-way communication channel
between drivers and an information technology infrastructure holds the prom-
ise of substantial advances in safety, efficiency, and user experience. This equates
to advances such as a reduction in crashes, more reliable trip times, and more
effective traveler information.
For example, data regarding the current operating conditions of the ve-
hicle, the vehicle’s current location, and the vehicle ID, along with information
on driver conditions, could be transmitted to a back office. Vehicles that experi-
ence a thunderstorm coming in one direction along the highway could warn
vehicles coming the other way that they are about to encounter the storm. It
is also possible that two vehicles could negotiate a mutually agreed on exclu-
sion zone around each other, thus preventing collisions and conflicts. At traffic-
signalized intersections, cooperation between connected vehicles and the traffic
signal system could mean an end to red light running and provide warnings to
drivers that vehicles on other approaches to the intersection may be about to
violate a red light.
With respect to the autonomous vehicle, just like the steam road locomo-
tives of the 1860s, it can be assumed that the initial concerns regarding public
perception and the need for new regulation will be overcome by market forces.
The possibility that on-demand services can be supplied using autonomous ve-