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90 Hand-Rearing Birds

Figure 5.1 Newly admitted hypothermic Wood Duck ducklings warming under warming lamp. Large heads,
flattened beaks, and webbed feet are structures common to all waterfowl chicks.

These species have strong wings, necessary to carry their heavy bodies into flight. The wings are
also used effectively for defense. Swans and geese are well known for aggressive defense of their
territories and protection of young. Aggression also occurs outside of breeding season in birds that
are maladjusted or imprinted to humans. Swans, the largest of the Anseriformes, can be dangerous
and have been known to break ribs and arms, cause concussions, and even render human rescuers
unconscious with brutal wing beating. They should not be underestimated in terms of strength
and tenacity. Do not attempt to rescue an adult or nearly grown swan that is swimming, as they
have the advantage when in water. It is important to work as a team when rescuing large
waterfowl.
Several species have declined significantly in population in recent years; others have responded
to conservation habitat restoration and nest box development efforts (Erickson 2006). With endan-
gered species, captive breeding and reintroduction continue to be utilized. The rehabilitator must
be able to recognize species within the region that are of threatened or endangered status, in case
one is admitted for care. Special permits are often required by state or provincial government to
work with threatened and endangered species.
Waterfowl of various species are kept and captive‐bred by aviculturists throughout the world
(Tarsnane 1996). Because of this, a wealth of information on captive care is available online
through waterfowl breeder associations, including housing and veterinary care for common spe-
cies (Wobeser 1981). Excellent age and species‐specific commercial diets can be obtained through
most farm feed stores. The Mazuri® brand makes several commonly‐used products. Due to the
wide variation in species nutritional requirements, it is important to have good references in one’s
library to anticipate specific habitat, behavior, or diet questions.
This chapter focuses on the rehabilitation of wild Anseriformes, with emphasis on releasing the
birds rather than giving lifelong captive care. Challenges exist for sensitive species that do not
thrive well. Much of the literature deals with domesticated rather than wild waterfowl, so allow-
ances have to be made. Chicks, both domestic and wild, do best with the companionship of others
of their species. Networking with other wildlife rehabilitators that care for waterfowl to match
single chicks with conspecifics is a good idea for best survival and success. Also see Chapter 6 for
specific information on more marine‐oriented species such as eiders.