Page 70 - The Toxicology of Fishes

50 The Toxicology of Fishes

Leversee, G.J., Giesy, J.P., Landrum, P.F., Gerould, S., Bowling, J.W., Fannin, T.E., Haddock, J.D., and Bartell,
S.M. 1982. Kinetics and biotransformation of benzo(a)pyrene in Chironomus riparius. Arch. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol., 11: 25–31.
Levine, S.L., Czosnyka, H., and Oris, J.T. 1997. Effect of the fungicide clotrimazole on the bioconcentration
of benzo[a]pyrene in gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum): in vivo and in vitro inhibition of cytochrome
P4501A activity. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 16: 306–311.
Lien, G.J., Nichols, J.W., McKim, J.M., and Gallinat, C.A. 1994. Modeling the accumulation of three
waterborne chlorinated ethanes in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas): a physiologically based
approach. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 7: 1195–1205.
Lima, A.L.C., Eglinton, T.I., and Reddy, C.M. 2003. High-resolution record of pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon deposition during the 20th century. Environ. Sci. Toxicol., 37: 53–61.
Lloyd, R. and Herbert, D.W.M. 1960. The influence of carbon dioxide on the toxicity of un-ionized ammonia
to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). Ann. Appl. Biol., 48: 399–404.
Lloyd, R. and Herbert, D.W.M. 1962. The effect of the environment on the toxicity of poisons to fish. J. Inst.
Public Health Eng., 61: 132–138.
Lodge, K.B. and Cook, P.M. 1989. Partitioning studies of dioxin between sediment and water: the measurement
of K oc for Lake Ontario sediment. Chemosphere, 19: 439–444.
Lu, X., Reible, D.D., and Fleeger, J.W. 2004. Relative importance of ingested sediment versus pore water as
uptake routes for PAHs to the deposit-feeding oligochaete Ilyodrilus templetoni. Arch. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol., 47: 207–214.
Maccubbin, A.E., Black, P., Trzeciak, L., and Black, J.J. 1985. Evidence for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
in the diet of bottom-feeding fish. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 34: 876–882.
MacRae, R.K., Smith, D.E., Swoboda-Colberg, N.S., Meyer, J.S., and Bergman, H.L. 1999. Copper binding
affinity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) gills: implication
for assessing bioavailable metal. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18: 1180–1189.
Mason, R.P. and Sullivan, K.A. 1997. Mercury in Lake Michigan. Environ. Sci. Technol., 31: 942–947.
Mason, R.P., Reinfleder, J.R., and Morel, F.M.M. 1996. Uptake, toxicity, and trophic transfer of mercury in
a coastal diatom. Environ. Sci. Technol., 30: 1835–1845.
McCarthy, J.F. and Jimenez, B.D. 1985. Interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dissolved
humic material: binding and dissociation. Environ. Sci. Technol., 19: 1072–1076.
McCloskey, J.T., Schultz, I.R., and Newman, M.C. 1998. Estimating the oral bioavailability of methylmercury
to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17: 1524–1529.
McElroy, A., Leitch, K., and Fay, A. 2000. A survey of in vivo benzo[a]pyrene metabolism in small benthic
invertebrates. Marine Environ. Res., 50: 33–38.
McGroddy, S.E., Farrington, J.W., and Gschwend, P.M. 1996. Comparison of the in situ and desorption
sediment: water partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ.
Sci. Technol., 30: 172–177.
McKim, J.M. and Erickson, R.J. 1991. Environmental impacts on the physiological mechanisms controlling
xenobiotic transfer across fish gills. Physiol. Zool., 64: 39–67.
McKim, J.M., Schmieder, P.K., and Veith, G.D. 1985. Absorption dynamics of organic chemical transport
across trout gills as related to octanol–water partition coefficient. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 77: 1–10.
McKim, J.M., Nichols, J.W., Lien, G.J., Hoffman, A.D., Gallinat, C.A., and Stokes, B.N. 1996. Dermal
absorption of three waterborne chloroethanes in rainbow trout (Oncorhychus mykiss) and channel catfish
(Ictalurus punctatus). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 31: 218–228.
McLean, E. and Donaldson, E.M. 1990. Absorption of bioactive proteins by the gastrointestinal tract of the
fish: a review. J. Aquat. Anim. Health, 2: 1–11.
Meador, J.P., Stein, J., Reichert, W.L., and Varanasi, U. 1995. Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons by marine organisms. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 143: 79–165.
Metcalfe, C.D., Metcalfe, T.L., Riddle, G., and Haffner, G.D. 1997. Aromatic hydrocarbons in biota from the
Detroit River and western Lake Erie. J. Great Lakes Res., 23: 160–168.
Meyer, J.S. 1999. A mechanistic explanation for the ln(LC50) vs. ln(hardness) adjustment equation for metals.
Environ. Sci. Technol., 33: 908–912.
Meyer, J.S., Santore, R.C., Bobbitt, J.P., DeBrey, L.D., Boese, C.J., Paquin, P.R., Allen, H.E., Bergman, H.L.,
and DiToro, D.M. 1999. Binding of nickel and copper to fish gills predicts toxicity when water hardness
varies, but free-ion activity does not. Environ. Sci. Technol., 33: 913–916.