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1264 PART XII Oncology
cell population is homogeneous (i.e., >70% of the cells
resemble one another) or heterogeneous. If the population
VetBooks.ir is homogeneous, it is either a normal node (i.e., the cells are
normal lymphocytes) or it is neoplastic (lymphoma or
metastasis); if it is heterogeneous, it is either reactive, inflam-
matory, or early neoplastic.
Suggested Readings
Baker R, et al. Color atlas of cytology of the dog and cat. St Louis:
Mosby; 2000.
Ballegeer EA, et al. Correlation of ultrasonographic appearance of
lesions and cytologic and histologic diagnoses in splenic aspi-
rates from dogs and cats: 32 cases (2002-2005). J Am Vet Med
Assoc. 2007;230:690.
Barton CL. Cytologic diagnosis of cutaneous neoplasia: an algorith-
FIG 74.14 mic approach. Compend Contin Educ. 1987;9:20.
Photomicrograph of a fine-needle aspirate from a reactive Bertazzolo W, et al. Canine angiosarcoma: cytologic, histologic, and
lymph node in a dog. Note the heterogeneous population
of lymphoid cells (small, medium, and large), plasma cells, immunohistochemical correlations. Vet Clin Pathol. 2005;34:28.
and macrophages (×1000). Bonfanti U, et al. Diagnostic value of cytologic examination of
gastrointestinal tract tumors in dogs and cats: 83 cases
(2001-2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006;229:1130.
Cohen M, et al. Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of cytologic
response to multiple antigens). Reactive lymph nodes in cats examination: 269 cases (1999-2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc.
frequently lack plasma cells but contain large numbers of 2003;222:964.
lymphoblasts, so they may be difficult to distinguish from Cowell RL, et al. Diagnostic cytology and hematology of the dog and
lymphoma. cat. 3rd ed. St Louis: Elsevier; 2007.
Ghisleni G, et al. Correlation between fine-needle aspiration cytol-
Lymphadenitis ogy and histopathology in the evaluation of cutaneous and sub-
Inflammatory processes affecting the lymph nodes produce cutaneous masses from dogs and cats. Vet Clin Pathol. 2006;35:24.
cytologic changes similar to the ones seen in reactive lymph- Grimes JA, et al. Agreement between cytology and histopathology
for regional lymph node metastasis in dogs with melanocytic
adenopathy, although there is a profusion of bloodborne neoplasms. Vet Pathol. 2017;54:579.
inflammatory cells (e.g., neutrophils in suppurative infec- Jackson D, et al. Evaluation of fixation time using Diff-Quik for
tions) and degenerative changes (e.g., pyknosis, karyor- staining of canine mast cell tumor aspirates. Vet Clin Pathol.
rhexis) in most cell lines. The etiologic agents may be 2013;42:99.
visualized. Mills JN. Lymph node cytology. Vet Clin North Am. 1989;19:697.
Millward L. Cytology from Fine- Needle Aspirates. Veterinary
Neoplasia Team Brief. October:27; 2017.
Neoplastic cells can appear in a lymph node either as a result Morrison WB, et al. Advantages and disadvantages of cytology and
of lymphatic or vascular dissemination (i.e., metastasis from histopathology for the diagnosis of cancer. Semin Vet Med Surg.
a primary tumor draining into the lymph node) or as a 1993;8:222.
primary process affecting these structures (i.e., lymphomas). Powe JR, et al. Evaluation of the cytologic diagnosis of canine pros-
tatic disorders. Vet Clin Pathol. 2004;33:150.
Cytologic features of metastatic lymph node lesions consist Radin MJ, et al. Interpretation of canine and feline cytology. Wilm-
of a reactive pattern and the presence of neoplastic cells; in ington, Del: Gloyd Group; 2001.
advanced metastatic lesions it is frequently difficult to iden- Raskin RE, et al. Atlas of canine and feline cytology. Philadelphia:
tify normal lymphoid cells because the node architecture is WB Saunders; 2001.
effaced by the tumor. The morphology of the metastatic cells Sharkey LC, et al. Maximizing the diagnostic value of cytology in
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preceding section, lymphomas are characterized by a mono- 2007;37:351.
morphous population of large, immature lymphoid cells; Stockhaus C, et al. A multistep approach in the cytologic evaluation
these cells are usually large and have an abnormally low N:C of liver biopsy samples of dogs with hepatic diseases. Vet Pathol.
ratio, coarse chromatin, and evident nucleoli. As discussed 2004;41:461.
previously, small cell lymphomas are difficult to diagnose Vignoli M, et al. Computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspira-
tion and tissue-core biopsy of bone lesions in small animals. Vet
cytologically. Radiol Ultrasound. 2004;45:125.
Decision Making in Lymph Node Wang KY, et al. Accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspira-
tion of the liver and cytologic findings in dogs and cats: 97 cases
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From our perspective, the easiest approach to classifying a Wellman ML. The cytologic diagnosis of neoplasia. Vet Clin N Am.
lymph node cytologically is to first determine whether the 1990;20:919.