Page 1371 - Small Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition

CHAPTER 82 Anemia 1343

RBC Run
WBC Run
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Fluorescence
Size

Fluorescence Granularity
A RBC RETICS PLT RBC frags WBC B NEU LYM MONO EOS BASO URBC

RBC Run WBC Run

Fluorescence

Size

Fluorescence Granularity
C RBC RETICS PLT RBC frags WBC D NEU LYM MONO EOS BASO URBC

FIG 82.1
Dot plots of normal dog and cat. (A) and (B) Normal red blood cell (RBC) and white
blood cell (WBC) dot plots in a normal dog. (C) and (D) Normal RBC and WBC dot
plots in a normal cat. In the RBC graph, the vertical axis depicts size, and the horizontal
axis shows fluorescence (RNA or DNA content). Red dots represent RBCs; purple dots,
reticulocytes (RETICS); and blue dots, platelets (PLT). In the WBC dot plots, the vertical axis
depicts fluorescence, a measure of nuclear size and complexity, whereas the horizontal
axis depicts granularity (cytoplasmic complexity). Lavender dots represent neutrophils
(NEU); green dots, eosinophils (EOS); teal dots, basophils (BASO); blue dots, lymphocytes
(LYM); and red dots, monocytes (MONO). Orange dots are unlysed RBCs (URBC).

Nonregenerative anemias can be caused by bone marrow or RBC indices are different than in other nonregenerative
extramarrow disorders, such as erythroid hypoproliferation, anemias (i.e., they are microcytic and hypochromic; see
chronic inflammatory disease, and chronic kidney disease later). Therefore I prefer to classify IDA in a separate cate-
(CKD); obviously, anemias caused by acute hemorrhage or gory. Regenerative anemias are usually acute, whereas non-
hemolysis are nonregenerative for the first 48 to 96 hours. regenerative and IDAs are chronic.
Although IDA was traditionally classified as nonregenera- During the initial clinical evaluation of an anemic patient,
tive, most dogs with chronic blood loss leading to IDA examination of the blood smear or dot plots usually suf-
display a mild to moderate degree of regeneration, and the fices to determine whether the bone marrow is responding