Page 1466 - Small Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition

1438 PART XIV Infectious Diseases

TABLE 92.1
VetBooks.ir Antibiotics Used for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections in Dogs and Cats and General Dosing Guidelines*—cont’d

DRUG MECHANISM SPECIES DOSAGE ROUTE OF
ADMINISTRATION
Ampicillin sulbactam B 20 mg/kg, q8-12h IV, IM
Ampicillin sodium B 20-30 mg/kg, q8-12h SC, IM, IV
Oxacillin B 22-40 mg/kg, q8h PO
Penicillin G B 25,000- 40,000 U/kg, IV
q12h
Ticarcillin and clavulanate D 20-50 mg/kg, q6-8h IM, IV
Quinolones Nucleic acid inhibition
Enrofloxacin D 5-20 mg/kg, q12-24h PO, IM, SC, IV
C 5.0 mg/kg, q24h PO, IM, IV
Marbofloxacin B 2.75-5.5 mg/kg, q24h PO
Orbifloxacin D 2.5-7.5 mg/kg, q24h PO
C 7.5 mg/kg, q24h PO
Pradofloxacin D 5.0 mg/kg, q24h PO
C 7.5 mg/kg, q24hr PO
Potentiated sulfas Intermediary metabolism
inhibition
Ormetoprim-sulfadimethoxine D 27.5 mg/kg, q24h PO
Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine B 15 mg/kg, q12h PO
Tetracyclines Protein synthesis inhibition
Doxycycline B 5 mg/kg, q12h OR PO, IV
10 mg/kg, q24h
Minocycline D 5-10 mg/kg, q12h PO
C 50 mg/cat, q24h PO
Tetracycline B 22 mg/kg, q8-12h PO

B, Dog and cat; C, cat; D, dog; IM, Intramuscular; IV, intravenous; PO, oral; SC, subcutaneous.
*The dose ranges and intervals in this table are general. Please see appropriate sections to determine the optimal dose for specific syndromes
or infections.
† For parenterally administered aminoglycosides, giving the total daily dose at one time may lessen the potential for renal toxicity.
§ The maximal total daily dose should be 50 mg/kg.

The following is a brief discussion of the empirical anti- potential, such as the mucous membranes of the oral cavity
microbial choices for treatment of infections of various body and vagina. The origin of most anaerobic infections is the
systems or types of infections. The reader is referred to indi- animal’s own flora. Anaerobic infections are potentiated by
vidual chapters for further information concerning adjunct poor blood supply, tissue necrosis, prior infection, or immu-
treatments. nosuppression. Anaerobic bacteria produce a number of
enzymes and factors that induce tissue injury and promote
colonization. Most infections involving anaerobes usually
ANAEROBIC INFECTIONS have coexisting aerobic bacterial infection, which should be
considered when selecting antimicrobial agents.
The anaerobic bacteria with the most clinical relevance in Anaerobic infections are commonly associated with
dog and cats are Actinomyces spp., Bacteroides spp., Clos- infections of the oropharynx, central nervous system (CNS),
tridium spp., Eubacterium spp., Fusobacterium spp., Pepto- subcutaneous space, musculoskeletal system, GI tract, liver,
streptococcus spp., and Porphyromonas spp. Actinomyces is a and female genital tract, and can be associated with clinical
facultative anaerobe; the other organisms are obligate anaer- disease in animals with aspiration pneumonia or consoli-
obes, which cannot use oxygen metabolically and die in its dated lung lobes. Dogs and cats with gingivitis or stomatitis,
presence. Anaerobic bacteria are part of the normal flora in rhinitis, retrobulbar abscesses, retropharyngeal abscesses,
areas with low oxygen tension and low oxygen-reduction pyothorax, otitis media or interna, CNS infection, bite