Page 757 - Small Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition

CHAPTER 44 Obstructive and Nonobstructive Feline Idiopathic Cystitis 729

considered only for cats if their environmental needs have Gunn-Moore DA, Shenoy CM. Oral glucosamine and the man-
been addressed, and should not be stopped abruptly. It can agement of feline idiopathic cystitis. J Feline Med Surg. 2004;6:
VetBooks.ir take longer than 1 week to see beneficial effects from many Kruger JM, et al. Changing paradigms of feline idiopathic cystitis.
219.
of these drugs; if no improvement in the cat’s clinical signs
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2009;39:15.
is noted, these drugs should be tapered over 1 to 2 weeks.
Landsberg G, et al. Therapeutic effects of an alpha-casozepine and
L-tryptophan supplemented diet on fear and anxiety in the cat.
J Feline Med Surg. 2017;19(6):596–602.
CONCLUSIONS Larson J, et al. Nested case control study of feline calicivirus viruria,
oral carriage, and serum neutralizing antibodies in cats with
FIC is a complex disease process that is not fully understood idiopathic cystitis. J Vet Intern Med. 2011;25:199.
at this time. It is clear that the clinician and client must Longstaff L, et al. Owner-reported lower urinary tract signs in a
understand that this disease is not limited to abnormalities cohort of young cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2017;19(6):609–618.
related solely to the bladder. Because FIC can be a chronic, Reche AJ, Buffington CA. Increased tyrosine hydroxylase immuno-
frustrating disease, excellent client communication in con- reactivity in the locus coeruleus of cats with interstitial cystitis.
junction with MEMO therapy, analgesics, and possibly other J Urol. 1998;159:1045.
pharmacologic agents can be of benefit in treating acute and Reineke EL, et al. The effect of prazosin on outcome in feline ure-
thral obstruction. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2017;4:387–398.
chronic cases.
Rubio-Diaz DE, et al. A candidate serum biomarker for bladder
pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. Analyst. 2009;134:1133.
Suggested Readings
Straeter-Knowlen IM, et al. Urethral pressure response to smooth
Buffington CA, et al. Clinical evaluation of multimodal environ- and skeletal muscle relaxants in anesthetized, adult male cats
mental modification (MEMO) in the management of cats with with naturally acquired urethral obstruction. Am J Vet Res.
idiopathic cystitis. J Feline Med Surg. 2006;8:261. 1995;56(7):919–923.
Chew DJ, et al. Amitriptyline treatment for severe recurrent idio- Welk KA, Buffington CA: Effect of interstitial cystitis on central
pathic cystitis in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998;213:1282. neuropeptide and receptor immunoreactivity in cats. Presented
Chew DJ, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of at Research Insights into Interstitial Cystitis: A Basic and Clinical
pentosan polysulfate sodium for treatment of feline interstitial Science Symposium, Alexandria, VA, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 2003.
(idiopathic) cystitis. J Vet Intern Med. 2009;23:690. Westropp JL, et al. Evaluation of the effects of stress in cats with
Gunn-Moore DA, Cameron ME. A pilot study using synthetic idiopathic cystitis. Am J Vet Res. 2006;67:731.
feline facial pheromone for the management of feline idiopathic Westropp JL, et al. Small adrenal glands in cats with feline intersti-
cystitis. J Feline Med Surg. 2004;6:133. tial cystitis. J Urol. 2003;170:2494.