Page 283 - Zoo Animal Learning and Training

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Tiger stationed to sit on a log Bear walking (natural when quadrupedal but unnatural if trained to walk bipedal) Macaw walking naturally, riding a bicycle unnatural but Seriema running in front of audiences in order to find Burrowing owls and Patagonian conures going through Big cats climbing trees for food recovery Caracara demonstrating tunnelling behaviour as part of Big cats standing on trainers’ shoulders (trained as though

Examples Sealions on stands same movement food tunnels hunting object natural behaviour Sealions/cetacean balancing a ball on their nose
Animals riding scooters and all terrain vehicles
Natural behaviours extended for
Animals painting pictures
dramatic effect and visibility from a
large audience
Parrots posting coins into donation boxes
Parrots sorting coloured objects (to demonstrate
intelligence and ability to see in colour)
Seriema bashing plastic lizard to demonstrate hunting
displays
Forced, can result in injury
Body or body‐part Unnatural
Performance
Unnatural movements and tricks
Sea lions catching hoops
contortion
Demonstration type (presentation, performance, or encounter) Presentation, performance Presentation, performance Presentation, performance Performance Risk‐taking Typically unnatural Extension or control of a natural Performance Jumping through hoops of fire
behaviour
Raptors flying through person’s legs and arms
Behaviour trained for display
purposes
Performance
Extension or control of a natural
Sea lions clapping or catching balls, parrots nodding
Displaying
Unnatural
anthropomorphic
behaviour
‘yes’ or counting
Birds, parrot and corvids talking and singing
Behaviour trained for display
actions
purposes
All
All
All
All
Forcing the behaviour by subjecting
the bird to loop tapes in a Presentation, performance Animals painting
controlled environment
Extensions of natural movements Successive approximation Successive approximation Extension of natural behaviour with trained commands led by human Extension of natural behaviours Extension or control of a natural Animals feeding controlled and demonstrated at particular times Over extension or control of a naturally occur Unnatural Harness, lead, collar training All (primarily encounter) Tigers nursing piglets
Raising /working animals together
Unnatural
Interaction with other animals not normally found
Social interaction
from an early age
together in the wild state. Lions, tigers, bears together in
with other species
Behaviours trained for educational and entertainment purposes.
that would not
one enclosure
Forced interaction
Cheetahs and dogs housed together
Social interaction
In hand obedience, walking amongst crowds and groups
Training to ride in boxes and
of people, sitting or lying in a certain place or position
with humans
Trainers riding or balancing on any part of the animal
vehicles
Training to ride in boxes and vehicles
Training method Stationing Marker and target Use of lures Targeting Stationing Targeting Targeting Stationing Targeting behaviour natural behaviour Display of body Natural Increased exposure to noise and Presentation Riding, sitting on big cats, surfing on cetaceans
Conditioning from an early age
Successive approximation
Walking on a harness with a member of the public
novel experiences to enable handling
Medical husbandry techniques: open mouth,
Marker and target
parts
Natural behaviours extended and
presentation of torso or limb, injection acceptance or
desensitisation
linked to command signals
Semen/blood collection
Birds holding wing open to demonstrate wingspan
Natural/unnatural Natural, but position or duration may be unnatural Species dependent Species dependent Species dependent Species dependent Species dependent Natural Species dependent
Table 10.3 Remaining stationary Walking, running Climbing, burrowing Sitting, standing, lying Holding, catching, grasping, carrying Swimming, swinging, jumping, flying Feeding, hunting Balancing
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