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118 Disorders of Sodium and Water Homeostasis 1077
tests (including serum sodium concentration and urine osmolality in order to avoid deleterious effects of treat-
VetBooks.ir electrolyte concentrations if needed), appropriate calcu- ment. With these concepts in mind, sodium and water
balance becomes both exciting and challenging at the
lation of sodium (or water) deficit, and careful monitor-
ing of changes in the serum sodium concentration and
same time.
Further Reading
Adrogué HJ, Madias NE. Hypernatremia. N Engl J Med Practice, 4th edn. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders,
2000; 342(20): 1493–9. 2011, pp. 47–79.
Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Sollanek KJ, Ely BR, Sawka Hillier TA, Abbott RD, Barrett EJ. Hyponatremia:
MN. Water‐deficit equation: systematic analysis and Evaluating the correction factor for hyperglycemia. Am J
improvement. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97(1): 79–85. Med 1999; 106(4): 399–403.
DiBartola SP. Disorders of sodium and water: Worthley LI. Hyperosmolar coma treated with intravenous
hypernatremia and hyponatremia. In: Fluid, sterile water. A study of three cases. Arch Intern Med
Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Disorders in Small Animal 1986; 146(5): 945–7.
