Page 239 - Veterinary Immunology, 10th Edition

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FIG. 8.10 One major pathway of signal transduction is mediated
by the transcription factor NF-κB. This is widely employed in
immunological signaling such as the response to sentinel cells to
activation of their TLRs by PAMPs.

Binding of antigen to TCRs also activates NF-κB. Thus binding to
the TCR activates a protein kinase C to form a protein complex that
degrades IKK. Another pathway involves stabilization of NF-κB–
inducing kinase (NIK). This activates IKKα, that then promotes the

destruction of IκB by proteasomes. All NF-κB members affect TCR-
induced T cell proliferation. Antigen dose and oscillations in
calcium concentrations are also important because they modulate
the movement of transcription factors between the nucleus and

cytoplasm.

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