Page 29 - sustainable tourism-- Dr.Aya

two others that should be added as factors

exerting pressure for change: the increase in

influence of the ―green‖ investor including

banks that want to limit exposure to

environmental risk, and the ―disproportionate

influence on consumer behavior‖ of

environmental pressure groups. The

sustainability also involves deploying

innovations to achieve higher efficiency.

The Global Innovation Index (WIPO, 2012),

which measures innovation efficiency of 141

economies, is in 2012 based on two sub-

indices the innovation input sub index

(institutions, human capital and research,

infrastructure, market sophistication and

business sophistication) and the innovation

output sub index (knowledge and technology

outputs and creative outputs.

During the tourism development of a

destination, local inhabitants experience the

following four different stages:

1. Euphoria (in the initial development of a

tourism phenomenon);

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