Page 80 - Poultry-Punch April 2020 edition

POULTRY PUNCH ARTICLE

PREBIOTICS AS FEED ADDITIVE

IN POULTRY NUTRITION

Shahla Perween* Tony Jose & Asmita Singh
Ph.D Scholar, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar
*E mail id- Shahlaperween72@yahoo.in

„ Introduction propionate, acetate, and especially butyrate body weight gain and feed conversion
rebiotics are a general term to refer which is the preferred energy source of colon ratio as compared to non-supplemented
to chemicals that induce the growth oocytes and stimulates gut integrity (Alloui birds. From various study it was also found
Por activity of microorganisms (e.g., et al., 2013). High fermentation activity and supplementation of prebiotic in starter
bacteria and fungi) that contribute to the high concentration of the SCFA is correlated phase and grower phase of poultry it had
well-being of their host (Schloss, 2014). with a lower pH, which is associated with increased feed intake and body weight as
Prebiotics can alter the composition of a suppression of pathogens and increased well as reduced mortality rate of broiler
organisms in the gut microbiome and it solubility of certain nutrients (Józefiak et al., chickens (Abdel Raheem et al. 2012). The
is also defined as “a nondigestible food 2004). Fermentation products such as SCFA dietary supplementation of probiotics
ingredient that beneficially affects the increase after prebiotic supplementation as and prebiotics improved body weight
host by selectively stimulating the growth a result of oligosaccharide fermentation by gain and feed conversion ratio of broilers
and activity of one or a limited number of resident microbiota. at 28 days of age (Yun et al., 2017). Thus
bacteria in the colon (Roberfroid, 2007). overall performance of birds increases with
From various studies the ability of prebiotic Effects of prebiotics on supplementation of prebiotics either alone
to be used as alternative feed additive has nutrients digestibility or in combination of probiotics.
already been proven and thus started to Prebiotic supplementation improved the
play a decisive role in nutrition of poultry. digestibility of protein as well other nutrients Effect of prebiotic on microbial
The uses of prebiotics in diets for poultry and fat in a maize-soybean meal based diet, populations
have been shown improvement in bird’s but had no effect on the performance of It is generally known that the beneficial
immunity and increasing performance. broiler chickens. Boilers fed prebiotics based gut bacteria play an important role in host
diets had improved dry matter digestibility metabolism, nutrient digestion, growth
Mode of action Prebiotica compared with control group (Yun et al., performance and health of the host poultry.
Prebiotics may have beneficial effects 2017). These results infer that dry matter Prebiotics are current strategies with great
on the animal’s physiology by selectively digestibility was improved due to an increase potential to modify and manipulate the gut
stimulating beneficial microbiota in the in the beneficial microorganism, such as microbial population. A number of studies
digestion system. This may have beneficial Lactobacillus. Moreover, the prebiotic induce have demonstrated that dietary inclusion of
effects in reducing the incidence of enteric changes in the intestinal mucosal structure mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) can increase
pathogens. The mode of action of prebiotic and to improve gut health. In a various study intestinal numbers of beneficial bacteria
is ability and adhering competition of it was found that the birds receiving chito- such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria,
represents colonization in the intestinal oligosaccharide (Prebiotic) had better nutrient whilst decreasing E. coli (Baurhoo et al.,
mucous membranes to prevent adhesion digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, 2007). Supplementation of dietary MOS
and invasion of pathogens like Salmonella energy, calcium, and phosphorus as compare inhibits growth of intestinal pathogenic
and Campylobacter and, which is a key to control (Li et al., 2007). Supplementation microorganisms through binding to cell walls
performance parameter, inhibition of their of prebiotic to broiler chickens enhances of bacteria and preventing the bacteria from
colonization and replacement of already the intestinal mucosal structure, including attaching to intestinal epithelial cells.
adhered ones. There is evidence that increase in the length of villus.
the principal mechanisms of prebiotics is Effects of prebiotics on carcass
immunomodulation, that includes selective Effects of prebiotics on criteria
growth of lactic acid-producing bacteria, productive performance Certain types of prebiotics have
resulting in an increasing in the concentration Supplementation of prebitic in the diets been used as feed additives to improve
of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) like of poultry positively improved feed intake, animal performance and enhance

80 April, 2020