Page 19 - Symposium Flip Book_4.14.21

Suicide Concept Analysis: An Evolutionary Approach

Tamara Pike Keefner Ph.D., RN and Thomas Stenvig Ph.D., RN

College of Nursing

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS IMPLICATIONS

• Suicide is the 10 leading cause of death in Activity 1: Identify the concept of suicidality: Activity 3: Collect data. An inductive • Activity 6: Identify implications for
th

the United States across the lifespan (Centers discovery approach was followed by focusing

for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018). • Surrogate terms: suicide communication, on the identification of the relevant aspects of further development.

suicide-related behavior, suicidal thoughts the concept of suicidality.

• Total suicide deaths have changed little in 50 and behavior, suicidal self-directed violence. • This analysis has implications for

years (National Action Alliance for Suicide Activity 4: Analyze data regarding the removing stigmatizing terminology to

Prevention: Research Prioritization Task Force, Activity 2: Determine Study Setting and sample.

2014). This study used a literature-based analysis: attributes, antecedents, and consequences as decrease fear and stigma and improve

Illustrated in the figure below.
care.

• A variety of terms are used to describe the

phenomena leading up to a suicide (Posner et • Articles published from 1995-2018 in English • Antecedents: Psychiatric • Findings may facilitate the development

al., 2007). language journals. disorders, emotional deregulation, and evaluation of assessment and care

Interpersonal trauma,

• A lack of universally acceptable terms to • Search words, suicidality, suicide-related for individuals at risk for suicide

describe suicidal ideation and behavior ideation, behaviors, and communications Activity 5: Identify case and examples.

confuses suicide research and the way Clinical manifestations are given for suicidal • The multiple defining attributes of

providers communicate about suicide. • Search engines including PubMed, CINAHL, ideation, suicidal behavior suicide attempts suicidality can be further studied and

and PsychINFO. and other attributes. defined as unique concepts.

• A better understanding of suicidal

OBJECTIVES RESULTS thought processes may provide a

clearer understanding of how to assess

The aim of this study was to present a and identify individuals at risk for suicide

concept analysis of suicidality: Suicidality manifests along a spectrum of thoughts and behaviors, each with its degrees of severity. and provide early interventions.

• Suicidality begins with passive or active suicidal thoughts. • Suicide is the consequence.

• Thoughts progress to passive or active suicidal behavior. • The level of intent to die is influenced by antecedents.

• Using the six primary activities of Rodgers’ • Suicidal behavior progresses to non-fatal or serious suicide attempt. • The stronger the intent to die, the greater risk for suicide.

evolutionary method (2000) clarifying:

• The attributes of suicidality REFERENCES

• The antecedents of suicidality

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2018). Preventing Suicide: A comprehensive

Public Health Approach. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/grand-

rounds/pp/2015/20150915-suicide-prevention.html
• The consequences of suicidality

National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention: Suicide Attempt Survivors Task Force. (2014)

The Way Forward: Pathways to hope, recovery, and wellness with insights from lived
• The goal was to clarify and develop experience. Washington, D.C.: Aughor.

concepts that are clear and useful in Posner, K., Oquendo, M. A., Gould, M., Stanley, B., & Davies, M. (2007). Columbia classification

algorithm of suicide assessment (C-CASA): Classification of suicidal events in the FDA’s pediatric
identifying the nonspecific phenomenon of suicidal risk analysis of antidepressants. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 1035-1043, doi:

10.1176/appi.ajp.164.7.1035
suicidality. Rodgers, B. L. (2000). Concept analysis: An evolutionary view. In B. L. Rodgers & K. A. Knafl

(Eds.), Concept development in nursing: Foundations, techniques, and applications (pp. 77-102).

Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier.